Trends in ischemic heart disease and stroke death ratios in brazilian women and men

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in women and men in Brazil, but the trends for the death ratios for ischemic heart disease and stroke in women and men remain unknown.METHOD:In this study, the trends for the death ratios among women and men who were over 30 years of age were analyzed from 1980 to 2005. Data were collected for both the Brazilian population and the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Estimates of the population size and data for mortality were then obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Ministry of Health. The risk for death was adjusted using a direct method.RESULTS:Death rates due to cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and stroke have declined in both Brazil and the metropolitan region of São Paulo. A linear regression analysis revealed a similar trend for ischemic heart disease and demonstrated a male/female ratio of 1.653 ± 0.001 (r = 0.228; p = 0.262) in Brazil and 1.763 ± 0.008 (r = 0.863; p<0.001) in São Paulo. Comparisons between the slopes of the linear regressions showed an increased ischemic heart disease ratio in men/women in São Paulo in comparison to those in Brazil (p<0.0001). The linear regression showed an increasing trend for the male/female stroke ratio of 1.252 ± 0.004 (r = 0.776; p<0.0001) in Brazil and 1.331 ± 0.006 (r = 0.580; p = 0.002) in São Paulo. Comparisons between the regressions for the stroke ratio were similar for men/women in São Paulo compared to Brazil (p = 0.244).CONCLUSION:We observed an increased trend in the ratio for ischemic heart disease death in men compared to women. Improvements in the control of risk factors and treatments for both men and women are mandatory to reduce the number of ischemic heart disease‐related deaths in Brazil.

Mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil e na região metropolitana de São Paulo: atualização 2011

“…In Western Europe countries and the U.S., death from IHD is approximately three times more frequent than from stroke, which is not observed in the countries in Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America [3][4][5] . In Brazil, the stroke predominate over IHD, but the trend of stroke decrease was greater than that observed for IHD 6 .…”

Hora da admissão na unidade de emergência e mortalidade hospitalar na síndrome coronária aguda

“…For multivariate analysis, logistic regression and stepwise model were used, with inclusion and permanence of variables with p < 0.05. However, death was the dependent variable adjusted for: (1) presentation to the ES during regular hours or off-hours; (2) age; (3) presence of arterial hypertension; (4) presence of smoking; (5) familial history of dyslipidemia; (6) familial history of diabetes; (7) familial history of CAD; (8) sex; (9) type of ACS (UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI); (10) ejection fraction (EF); and (11) type of treatment (clinical, surgical, or angioplasty). The same model and independent variables were used for a second multivariate analysis, the length of hospital stay being the dependent variable (< 5 or ≥ 5 days).…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in Brazil 1 . This was confirmed by the 2008 DATASUS registries, showing 95,000 deaths due to ischemic heart disease 2 in a universe of 1,077 million deaths in Brazil.…”

Análise da tendência da mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil no século XXI

“…Among all Latin American countries, Brazil is the one with the highest rates of CVA mortality and the main cause of death among women 11 . Even though there has been a decrease in mortality in recent decades, these rates remain very high 7,8,[12][13][14][15] .…”