O nível de aptidão física afeta o desempenho do árbitro de futebol?

Abstract

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: a) descrever a demanda física imposta aos árbitros de futebol brasileiros durante partidas oficiais e b) analisar se o nível de aptidão física interfere no desempenho da arbitragem. Os árbitros (n = 11) foram avaliados durante jogos oficiais (n = 21) do campeonato Potiguar 2009. A média de idade foi de 36,36 ± 6,34 anos. A distância percorrida, a velocidade (média e máxima) e a frequência cardíaca (média e máxima) foram registradas durante as partidas. A análise da arbitragem foi realizada por avaliador credenciado pela Federação Norte-Rio-Grandense de Futebol (FNF), seguindo os critérios estabelecidos pela Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF). A distância percorrida, a velocidade e a frequência cardíaca foram, respectivamente, 10,50 ± 0,35 km, 6,43 ± 0,26 km/h (média), 19,84 ± 1,56 km/h (máxima), 162,77 ± 7,44 bpm (média) e 182,22 ± 7,72 bpm (máxima). Foi evidenciada correlação significativa entre o VO2máx e a distância percorrida no segundo tempo (r = 0,517) (p < 0,05). O VO2máx também apresentou correlação com a velocidade máxima de deslocamento (r = 0,506) (p < 0,05). Já o percentual de gordura apresentou correlação negativa com a velocidade máxima no segundo tempo (r = -0,471) (p < 0,05). Foi detectada correlação positiva entre o desempenho da arbitragem e o VO2máx (r = 0,530) (p < 0,05). Com relação ao percentual de gordura, o mesmo apresentou correlação negativa com o desempenho do árbitro (r = -0,496) (p < 0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que os árbitros de futebol são submetidos à alta sobrecarga física/fisiológica durante as partidas. Os resultados obtidos também sugerem que os parâmetros associados com a aptidão física (composição corporal e o VO2máx) podem interferir no desempenho da arbitragem.

State of Health and Physical Fitness of CBF (Brazilian Soccer Confederation) Referees From the State of Espírito Santo

“…Finally, soccer referees generally have a good athletic condition characterized by excellent levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, such as resting bradycardia. [2][3][4]12,26 In agreement with previous studies, resting ECG demonstrated this characteristic in the referees of the present study. 27,28 In the evaluation during effort, the sample showed satisfactory values of reserve HR and increase of resting HR to HR at the point of maximum effort, considered an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death.…”

“…In the literature, it is well established that the physical condition of the referees has a large influence on their technical performance during matches. 3 In addition, few studies have addressed the health of these professionals, who are less attended by the regulators of the sport. 2,12,15,16 The main findings of the present study emphasize that, even when working in leagues of lower tiers or levels and with fewer working conditions, the FES capixabas referees present a low risk for the development of chronic diseases, as well as a good body structure and physical fitness to work in regional, national, or international matches.…”

“…Article received on 05/04/2018 accepted on 10/18/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192502198030 of referees during soccer matches. 3 In addition, when aerobically well--conditioned, referees maintain optimum speed peaks for a longer time and have better positioning in the field during the match, shortening the distances for identifying fouls. This scenario allows the referees to make precise and convincing decisions.…”

“…It is important to emphasize that optimizing physical fitness, in addition to reducing the risk of cardiac events in referees may be important for their decision making during a match, helping them avoid mistaking player postures because of their own physical exhaustion, which may influence the final outcome of the match. 3,4 Within this context, when assigned to national-level matches, these referees with less work requirement, as a consequence of working in lower-level clubs and leagues, must be prepared to meet the physical demands. However, the professional assistance provided to referees outside the Rio-São Paulo-Minas Gerais-Rio Grande do Sul axis is precarious.…”

“…2 Soccer is a dynamic collective sport and has become a faster and more intense activity in recent years; this has led to more wear and tear and a greater demand for better physical and psychological conditions in the involved professionals. 3 The literature shows that during a soccer match, the referees engage in predominantly aerobic activities of mild to moderate intensity, 4 with a caloric expenditure between 494 and 740 kcal. 5 In addition, referees need to cover large distances, which require high aerobic demand and the ability to perform repeated sprints.…”