External Loads of Elite Soccer Referees: A Systematic Review with meta-analysis

Preissler, Artur Avelino Birk; Reichert, Thaís; Schons, Pedro; Costa, R. D. D.; Delevatti, Rodrigo Sudatti; Denadai, Benedito Sérgio; Kruel, Luiz Fernando Martins

doi:10.1080/15438627.2021.1988948

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar study compared national and non-national Spanish referees, and they found that non-national-level referees covered a total distance of about 5.5 km [19], which was a very low value. However, regional-level Brazilian referees cover about 10.8 km per match [12], a value that is close the values registered in top-tier referees in other European countries [1,2,8,13,19], and even within the Portuguese context, where a study that followed all Portuguese first league referees during one season found that the total distance covered was of 9.3 km [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Main referees and assistant referees play pivotal roles in football matches and are responsible for interpreting and judging various occurrences on the field. Like players, referees must have adequate levels of physical fitness to effectively fulfil their duties during the game [1][2][3][4]. Previous studies [4][5][6] have examined the development of physical capacities and their impact on the performance of football referees, indicating that higher levels of cardiorespiratory capacity lead to improved referee performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Referees tend to walk for greater total distances when officiating top-level matches, when compared with mixed matches [17]. Additionally, a recent study [1] found that the context where the matches are played also influence the referees' performance. While elite referees cover an average of 10.45 km per match, differences were found when comparing European referees with their South American homologues (11.18 km vs. 9.32 km).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, very few studies have analysed Portuguese referees [1,14,15]. Within the Portuguese context, authors have centred their analysis solely on elite refer-ees [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Physical and Physiological Demands of Amateur Portuguese Field and Assistant Football Referees

Gomes,

Mendes,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Referees are crucial elements in football, and they must meet the physical and physiological demands each match poses to them. The aim is to analyse the physical and physiological demands of amateur referees in games at the regional level (4th division), examining the differences between the first and second halves and between assistant (age: 25.10 ± 4.97) and main referees (age: 25.65 ± 5.12). A total of 29 matches were analysed with GPS devices, and internal and external load metrics were analysed. Overall, main referees, due to their central role in game management, showed higher levels of physical and physiological load than assistant referees, with more high-intensity activities, greater distance covered and higher heart rate. The results also revealed that there were no differences between the halves for total distance covered for either the main or assistant referees. However, the main referees covered a greater distance in high-intensity running during the first half (p = 0.05; d = 0.389). These findings emphasise the importance of tailored training protocols to enhance performance and reduce fatigue-related errors, highlighting the significance of endurance, high-intensity running ability, and strategies to manage transient fatigue in referee preparation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, very few studies have analysed Portuguese referees [1,14,15]. Within the Portuguese context, authors have centred their analysis solely on elite refer-ees [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physical and Physiological Demands of Amateur Portuguese Field and Assistant Football Referees

Gomes,

Mendes,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonetheless, some results mentioned before revealed higher heterogeneity because different levels of competition were evaluated (Birk Preissler et al, 2023 ). In this respect, another study analyzed the first vs. second-division soccer referees and found higher values for the second division over the first referees regarding repeated sprint ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons and associations among anthropometric indices of first and second division and assistant soccer referees

Samarein,

Samanipour,

Asjodi

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionBody composition is an important predictor of performance and a key component of health and physical fitness. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare soccer referees of the first and second divisions and field assistant referees from Iran and to analyze associations of a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (ConI), and body mass index (BMI) with body fat percentage (%BF).MethodsA total of 270 male soccer referees from the first (n = 124) and second (n = 72) divisions and assistant referees (n = 74) participated in this study. Skinfold thickness (measured at the chest, biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, iliac crest, and front thigh), height, weight, hip circumference, and waist circumference were assessed to evaluate waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), %BF, and also ABSI, BRI, BAI, ConI, and AVI according to the ISAK protocol.ResultsThe main results indicated differences in WHR, WHtR, ABSI, BRI, AVI, ConI, and BF% with the assistant referees presenting higher values (p < 0.05). When considering the backward selection model, there were some associations with %BF in each group, specifically BMI, BAI, and ABSI in the first division; BMI, WHR, and ABSI in the second division; and BMI in the assistant referee group (all p < 0.05).DiscussionThe present study did not confirm the hypothesis that the first-division referees presented better body composition-related variables than the second division or assistant referees. Instead, it showed that the assistant referees that participated in both divisions showed a tendency to higher values which suggests that the level of division is not a major factor when analyzing body composition.

show abstract

Absence of Monotony and Strain Effects on Referees’ Physical Performance During International Basketball Federation World Cup Basketball Competition

Paulauskas,

Vaquera,

Figueira

2024

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of physical performance indicators and assess the levels of performance monotony and strain experienced by basketball referees. Methods: The study involved the participation of 12 basketball referees (mean age: 40.0 [4.9] y) affiliated with the International Basketball Federation. The investigation was carried out throughout 2 density tournaments, wherein the maximum heart rate, average heart rate, performance monotony, and performance strain were documented for 3 variables. Results: The findings indicated significant variations in the mean heart rate, maximum heart rate, total distance monotony, total distance strain, the total number of sprints monotony, the total number of sprints strain, calories monotony, and calories strain (P < .05). Decreasing the density of elite-level basketball competitions has been observed to reduce the monotony and strain experienced by referees. However, this action does not increase motion distance or speed zones. Conclusions: The environmental stressors experienced by senior-level athletes (World Cup) differ from those encountered by younger athletes (World Cup Under 19). Further investigation is required to ascertain the potential effects of competition monotony and strain on decision-making processes and the overall quality of refereeing.

show abstract

External Loads of Elite Soccer Referees: A Systematic Review with meta-analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Physical and Physiological Demands of Amateur Portuguese Field and Assistant Football Referees

Physical and Physiological Demands of Amateur Portuguese Field and Assistant Football Referees

Comparisons and associations among anthropometric indices of first and second division and assistant soccer referees

Absence of Monotony and Strain Effects on Referees’ Physical Performance During International Basketball Federation World Cup Basketball Competition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About