Combination effect of fluoride dentifrices and varnish on deciduous enamel demineralization

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries potential of 500 or 1100 ppm F dentifrices combined with fluoride varnish using a pH-cycling regimen. Seventy primary canines were covered with nail polish, leaving a 4×4 mm window on their buccal surface, and randomly assigned into 7 groups (n = 10): S: sound enamel not submitted to the pH-cycling regimen or treatment; N: negative control, submitted to the pH-cycling regimen without any treatment; D1 and D2: subjected to the pH-cycling regimen and treated twice daily with 1100 or 500 ppm F dentifrice, respectively; VF: fluoride varnish (subjected to F-varnish before and in the middle of the pH-cycling regimen); and VF+D1 and VF+D2. After 10 days, the teeth were sectioned, and enamel demineralization was assessed by cross-sectional hardness at different distances from the dental surface. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Dentifrice with 1100 ppm F and the combination of F-varnish with the dentifrices significantly reduced enamel demineralization compared with the negative control (p < 0.05), but the isolated effects of F-varnish and dentifrice with low concentration were not significant (p > 0.05). The effect of combining F-varnish with the dentifrices was not greater than the effect of the dentifrices alone (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the combination of F-varnish with dentifrices containing 500 and 1100 ppm F is not more effective in reducing demineralization in primary teeth than the isolated effect of dentifrice containing 1100 ppm F.

Comparison of combined application treatment with one-visit varnish treatments in an orthodontic population

“…This feature might be attributed to remaining CHX particles around negatively ionized tooth surfaces with regular tooth brushing (1,7,8,10,23). This study also confirmed that one-visit application of CHX-based varnishes (Group 1) showed better antimicrobial properties over the fluoride (Group 3) varnish treatments, as previously described (8,10,11). The limited/biased factor of Group 2 should also be taken into account, as it had a potential advantage since the home-based self-application of Cervitec®Gel could increase treatment success over professionally applied varnishes in terms of providing acceptable oral hygiene features.…”

“…Chlorhexidine and thymol (Cervitec®Plus) combination as a varnish treatment was found to be beneficial in inhibiting salivary MS levels and reducing gingivitis therefore improves oral hygiene in orthodontic patients (8,9-11). Chlorhexidine-based toothpastes as an adjunct to mechanical cleaning facilitate the removal of plaque and providing better oral hygiene in orthodontic patients (1,10).…”

“…However, a fluoride varnish regimen alone was postulated as an ineffective effort to improve oral hygiene status of orthodontic patients (11). …”

The Effect of the Addition of Tricalcium Phosphate to 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnishes on the Microhardness of Enamel of Primary Teeth

“…Teeth were submitted to the formation of artificial caries by pH cycling [14] keeping the teeth in demineralizing solution (CaCl 2 2.2 mM, NaH 2 PO 4 2.2 mM, and acetic acid 0.05 M; pH of 4.5, adjusted with KOH 1 M; 15 mL per tooth) for 3 hours and in remineralizing solution (CaCl 2 1.5 mM, NaHPO 4 0.9 mM, and KCl 0.15 mM; pH of 7.0; 15 mL per tooth) for 20 hours. All the teeth were briefly washed in deionized water between solutions and placed in artificial saliva for 30 minutes at the end of the demineralization process and for 30 minutes at the end of the remineralization process (CaCl 2 (15 mg), MgCl 2 (5 mg), KCl (0.1 g), KSCN (10 mg), Na 2 HPO 4 (40 mg), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1.0 g), methylparaben (0.1 g), and water (1 L); pH of 7.0).…”

“…Recently, a white 5% NaF varnish containing fTCP has been introduced in the market (Clinpro White, 3M corp., St. Paul, MN, USA). The use of pH cycling and enamel microhardness has been shown to be a useful in vitro tool to assess the protective effect of fluorides [14, 15]. …”