The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the private sector in North Jordan with infection control measures. A pilot-tested questionnaire about infection control measures was distributed in March 2004 to 120 private practices. The response rate was 91.66 percent. About 77 percent of dentists usually ask their patients about medical history, 36 percent were vaccinated against hepatitis B, 81.8 percent wear and change gloves during treatment and between patients, and 54.5 percent wear and change masks during treatment and between patients. Most dental practitioners (95.4 percent) reported that they changed extraction instruments and burs between patients. All dental practitioners reported that they changed saliva ejectors between patients, but only 41.8 percent changed handpieces between patients. Approximately 63 percent (69/110) used autoclaves for sterilization, 47.3 percent (52/110) used plastic bags to wrap sterilized instruments, and only 18 percent (20/110) disinfected impressions before sending them to dental labs. Fourteen percent used rubber dams in their clinics, and only 31.8 percent had special containers for sharps disposal. Based on these responses, approximately 14 percent of general dentists in this sample were considered to be compliant with an inventory of recommended infection control measures. In Jordan, there is a great need to provide formal and obligatory infection control courses and guidelines for private dentists by the Ministry of Health and the dental association in addition to distribution of standard infection control manuals that incorporate current infection control recommendations.

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pH cycling on the microhardness of the enamel of primary human teeth treated with a conventional brown Sodium Fluoride (5% NaF) Varnish to those treated with a white Fluoride Varnish (5% NaF) enhanced with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP). Materials and Methods. Ninety extracted caries-free primary incisors were washed in a detergent and divided into three groups; group A received no treatment, teeth in group B were coated with Sodium Fluoride (5% NaF) Varnish, while teeth in group C were coated with 5% NaF varnish enhanced with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP). After ten days of pH cycling, the surface microhardness of the teeth was measured using a Knoop indenter. Results. The mean Knoop hardness number (KHN) of 5% NaF with fTCP was greater than that of 5% NaF alone while the control group had the lowest mean KHN. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that the use of an additive such as fTCP to a fluoride varnish significantly improves the protective ability of the varnish on primary teeth in vitro.

No reagents and very mild conditions are required for the transformation of isolable precursors 3 into highly strained cycloalkynes 4 (cycloheptyne, cyclohexyne, norbornyne), which can be trapped by cycloaddition reactions.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

<p>The present study aimed at investigating the motivational orientations of Jordanian gifted<br />school students in Ajloun governorate. For this purpose, 51 students from King Abdullah II in<br />Ajloun governorate participated in this study. Data was collected through a questionnaire<br />contained 20 items asking about the motivational level and orientation of learners. The<br />questionnaire was adapted from Gardner’s (1985) AMTB (Attitude, Motivation Test Battery)<br />questionnaire. The researchers used descriptive statistics for identifying the students’ level of<br />motivation towards learning English. Independent samples T-test was used to investigate the<br />differences in the level of motivation according to gender. The findings revealed that the<br />students were highly motivated towards learning English language with higher scores<br />reported for the sake of instrumental motivation. Female students reported higher level of<br />motivation than male students with no statistically significant differences recorded<br />concerning this. Based on the results, some of the implications were presented and discussed.</p>

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to workplace violence in one of the higher education institutes that is based in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is to use a survey, SPSS and multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe findings show that there is a positive significant relationship between the working environment and workplace violence, while the other factors, co‐worker relationship and management style, show no relationship with workplace violence.Originality/valueThe study will improve management understanding of which factors affect workplace violence. By increasing their knowledge on the above, this can assist the management to take preventive action to minimize workplace violence in the organization.