Association between socioeconomic status and HIV-associated oral lesions in Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2004

Abstract

The prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions may vary according to socioeconomic status and antiretroviral therapy, among other factors. This study's intent was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic indicators, CD4+ counts and HIV-related oral lesions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of the medical records of HIV-positive patients that attended the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro between 1997 and 2004. Gender, age, mode of HIV transmission, level of education, monthly familial income, CD4+ counts and HIV-related oral lesions were assessed. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used with a level of significance of 5%. 254 medical records were reviewed: 83 women and 171 men. Monthly familial income below 2 minimum wages was associated with a higher prevalence of pseudomembranous candidiasis (p = 0.024), while income above 10 minimum wages was associated with a higher prevalence of salivary gland disease (p = 0.021). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with lower CD4+ counts (p = 0.017). In this study, an association was noted between socioeconomic status, immune suppression and prevalence of oral lesions. However, further studies are warranted using other socioeconomic variables in order to better assess this relationship.

Oral manifestations in human immunodefi ciency virus infected pediatric patients receiving and not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study

“…Noce (2009) reviewed the association between socioeconomic status and HIV-associated oral lesions in Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2004 and concluded that socioeconomic status was associated with immunosuppression and prevalence of oral lesions (23). In confi rmation to previous research, duration of HIV infection was also observed as one of the predictors of oral lesions among HIV patients in the present study, indicating that worsening in the prevalence of oral lesions also varied signifi cantly with the increasing duration of HIV infection, which is consistent with a previous study (24).…”

Perfil epidemiológico oral y necesidad de tratamiento odontológico de pacientes VIH/SIDA

“…Estos resultado son similares a los de Ramírez Amador et al 18 , que mostraron un prevalencia de 48,2% y 44,2% de manifestaciones asociadas y fuertemente asociadas, respectivamente, en una institución clínica. La prevalencia observada por Noce et al 9 fue de 35,8%, mientras que en el estudio realizado en Colombia por Pinzon 7 fue muy superior, alcanzando un 77,1%. Las diferencias en la prevalencias observadas pueden estar en relación con las diferentes características y particularidades de cada población estudiada, con el contexto sociocultural en el que se desarrollaron las investigaciones y, posiblemente, con los criterios de selección de cada estudio.…”

“…Desde esta perspectiva este grupo poblacional está influido por factores sociodemográficos y culturales que repercuten en su dinámica poblacional, como fue reportado en Colombia por Pinzón E et al 7 , en Venezuela por Navas R et al 8 , en Brasil por Noce C et al 9 y México por Valdespino JL et al 10 . Por este motivo, para poder brindar una atención integral a estos pacientes es necesario estudiar las características de cada población y diseñar un plan de tratamiento acorde a sus necesidades básicas como lo realizó Lemos S et al…”

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV/AIDS

“…It was reported that at least 5 million PLWHA in need of treatment are not able to have access to the life-prolonging therapy although the availability of HAART has increased rapidly from 7% in 2003 to 42% in 2008 to reach over four million people in low-and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, even when HAART is available to reduce the viral load, many other factors have been suggested to predispose to oral lesions in HIV-infected individuals such as cigarette smoking, heroin/methadone use, poor oral hygiene, and socio-demographic factors such as older age, lower education level and lower household income (Chattopadhyay et al, 2005;Ferreira et al, 2007;Greenspan et al, 2000;Nittayananta et al, 2001;Noce et al, 2009;Shiboski et al, 1999a). In addition, studies have suggested that HIV disease progression can be influenced by psychological factors (Leserman, 2003;Leserman, 2008).…”