Oral manifestations in human immunodefi ciency virus infected pediatric patients receiving and not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study

Divakar, Darshan Devang; Kheraif, Abdulaziz A. Al; Ramakrishnaiah, Ravikumar; Khan, Aftab Ahmed; NC, Sandeepa; Alshahrani, Obaid Abdullah; Ahmari, Ali Al

doi:10.13112/pc.2015.23

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Oral candidiasis or thrush (32.5%) as the most common clinical finding in our study population. This finding is consistent with the results of the study conducted by Divakar DD et al [ 20 ] (27.3%), Kumar S et al [ 11 ] (36.51%) and in a study done by Ranganathan K et al [ 21 ] where the prevalence of oral candidiasis was 28.7%. This finding is not in accordance with the result of the study done by Beena JP et al [ 22 ] (11.62%) and Rath H et al [ 12 ] (16.27%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The prevalence of angular cheilitis was observed in 5.4% of the study subjects which is in accordance with the study done by Divakar DD et al ,[ 20 ] Beena JP et al [ 22 ] and Bodhade AS et al [ 13 ] where it was 7.3%, 5% and 4.3%, respectively. This prevalence is not in agreement with the findings of Adurogbangba MI et al [ 23 ] (21%), Naidoo S et al [ 24 ] (11.8%) and Pongsiriwet S et al [ 25 ] (10%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this study. the prevalence of ulceration among the study subjects was 8.7% which coincides with the results of the study done by Divakar DD et al [ 20 ] (7.6%) and Beena JP[ 22 ] (11%). This finding is not in accordance with the results obtained by Kiran K et al [ 29 ] (19.50%) and de Francis PR et al [ 26 ] (18.4%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Melanotic hyperpigmentation was observed among 15.8% of the study subjects which coincides with the findings of de Faria PR et al [ 26 ] (14%) among 92 subjects with AIDS in Sao Paulo, Bodhade AS et al [ 13 ] (19.5%) and Divakar DD et al [ 20 ] (11.96%). It is known side effect of highly active ART.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Oral health status and treatment needs among HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy center in Western India: A cross-sectional study

Chaudhary

Manral

Gupta

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Aims and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health problem across the globe. Among 37.9 million people are living with HIV in the world and 21.40 lakh are in India itself. The aim of this study was to assess the oral mucosal, periodontal, and dentition status of HIV/AIDS patients attending ART (antiretroviral therapy) center in Jaipur city, India. Methods and Materials: A total of 588 HIV/AIDS subjects at the ART center in Jaipur city were examined. Oral mucosal, periodontal, and dentition status was recorded using a modified WHO Oral Health Assessment form 1997. A pilot study was conducted among 50 patients. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. The statistical tests that were applied for the analysis included Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Of 588 study subjects examined, 65.6% were men and 34.4% were women. Candidiasis was the most prevalent oral lesion (32.5%) followed by acute necrotizing gingivitis (26%), hyper melanotic pigmentation (15.8%), and ulcerations (8.7%), respectively. Oral hairy leukoplakia was observed in only 3.9% and not a single case of Kaposi's sarcoma was reported. Buccal mucosa (36.7%) was the most common site of the presence of oral mucosal lesions. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 4.03 ± 1.54. Almost all the subjects needed one or other form of dental treatment. Only 12% of the patients had healthy periodontium. Conclusion: Candidiasis was the most prevalent oral lesion. Efforts should be made to meet the increased treatment needs in these patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Oral health status and treatment needs among HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy center in Western India: A cross-sectional study

Chaudhary

Manral

Gupta

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is recommended for all HIV infected persons in order to reduce the risk of disease progression and virus resistance to certain drugs. The primary goal of cART is to prevent HIV-related diseases and mortality, and the secondary goal is to reduce the risk of HIV transmission (6,7). It is important to point out that cART leads to a significant reduction in some immune activation markers, but they are still significantly increased compared to uninfected controls (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4/CD8 ratio as a predictor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in HIV / AIDS patients during 6 months of cART therapy

Gojak

Hadžiosmanović

Baljić

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Biochemistry

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Summary Background HIV infection is characterized by progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells due to their reduced synthesis and increased destruction followed by marked activation and expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. CD4/CD8 ratio was traditionally described as a marker of immune system ageing in the general population, but it increasingly appears as a marker of different outcomes in the HIV-infected population. The main objective of this study is to examine the power of CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-positive patients receiving cART therapy. Methods 80 HIV/AIDS subjects were included in a retrospective case-control study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood of these patients. The values of biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, blood sugar, blood counts), immunological parameters (CD4/CD8, PCR), anthropometric measurements and type of cART therapy were evaluated in this study. Results After six months of cART therapy 19 (23.8%) subjects had all the elements necessary for making the diagnosis of MetS. Using multivariate analysis CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and had the largest effect on development of MetS (Wald = 9.01; OR = 0.45), followed by cART (Wald = 7.87; OR = 0.10) and triglycerides (Wald = 5.27; OR = 1.7). On the other hand, body weight and waist circumference showed no statistically significant effect on the development of MetS after six months of cART, p > 0.05. Conclusions CD4/CD8 ratio proved to be a significant marker for prediction of metabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients.

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The Prevalence, Etiological Agents, Clinical Features, Treatment, and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Oral Candidiasis in Pediatrics Across the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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In HIV-infected pediatrics, oral candidiasis (OC) is a global issue of concern due to its association with dysphagia, malnutrition, and mortality. The present systematic review and meta-analysis are the first to determine the prevalence of OC in HIV-infected pediatrics worldwide. We searched international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) databases for studies published between January 2000 to May 2020 reporting the epidemiologic features of OC in HIV-infected pediatrics. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select eligible studies. Data were extracted and presented according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis were visualized as a forest plot. Heterogeneity was also analyzed using the I2, and τ2 statistics. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger test. The literature search revealed 1926 studies, of which 34 studies met the eligibility criteria, consisting of 4,474 HIV-infected pediatrics from 12 different countries. The overall prevalence of OC among HIV-infected pediatrics was 23.9% (95% CI 17.3–32.0%), and Candida albicans was the most prevalent etiologic agent. Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the predominant clinical manifestation in HIV-infected pediatrics suffering from OC. Thirty articles involving 4,051 individuals provided data on HIV treatment status. Among the 4,051 individuals, 468 (11.53%) did not receive HIV treatment. The data from 11 articles demonstrated that HIV treatment was significantly associated with a reduction in oral Candida colonization or infection. In contrast, others showed the opposite relationship or did not report any statistical data. A high level of I2 (I2 = 96%, P < 0.01) and τ2 (τ2 = 1.36, P < 0.01) was obtained among studies, which provides evidence of notable heterogeneity between studies. OC is approximately frequent in HIV-positive children. Therefore, efforts should be made to teach dental and non-dental clinicians who care for HIV-infected pediatrics to diagnose and treat this infection.

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Oral manifestations in human immunodefi ciency virus infected pediatric patients receiving and not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess and compare oral manifestations of human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infected

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Oral health status and treatment needs among HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy center in Western India: A cross-sectional study

Oral health status and treatment needs among HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy center in Western India: A cross-sectional study

CD4/CD8 ratio as a predictor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in HIV / AIDS patients during 6 months of cART therapy

The Prevalence, Etiological Agents, Clinical Features, Treatment, and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Oral Candidiasis in Pediatrics Across the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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