Hemigrammus tocantinsi: a new species from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

Abstract

Hemigrammus tocantinsi is described from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás State, Central Brazil. The new species differs from its congeners by the presence of 15-17 branched anal-fin rays, longitudinal stripe relatively narrow anteriorly and wider posteriorly, and one or two maxillary teeth. Sexual dimorphism of the new species is characterized by differences among the color in life, adipose-fin origin, body measurements, in addition to presence of bony hooks in the anal and pelvic fins of males.Hemigrammus tocantinsi é descrito da bacia do alto rio Tocantins, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil Central. A espécie nova difere de seus congêneres por apresentar 15-17 raios ramificados da nadadeira anal, faixa longitudinal relativamente estreita anteriormente e ampla posteriormente e um ou dois dentes no maxilar. O dimorfismo sexual da nova espécie é caracterizado por diferenças no colorido em vida, origem da nadadeira adiposa, medidas corporais, além de ganchos nas nadadeiras anal e pélvica dos machos.

Comparative morphology of gill glands in externally fertilizing and inseminating species of cheirodontine fishes, with implications on the phylogeny of the family Characidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes)

“…Among taxa of Clade A, gill glands were found to be present on histological preparations by JRB (unpublished) in mature inseminating males of Creagrutus melasma and Monotocheirodon species, and in mature males of externally fertilizing species of the genera Bryconamericus, Caiapobrycon, Creagrutus, Cyanocharax, Hemibrycon, Hypobrycon, Knodus, Piabina, Rhinobrycon, and Rhinopetitia. The absence of a gill gland has been registered for some taxa belonging to Clade C of Javonillo et al (2010) and Oliveira et al (2011), further supporting this hypothesis: Astyanax utiariti by Bertaco & Garutti (2007) courensis by , Astyanax obscurus and A. laticeps by Bertaco & Lucena (2010), Ectrepopterus uruguayensis by Malabarba et al (2012) [see Thomaz et al, 2010 for the relationships of Ectrepopterus uruguayensis, formerly as Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis, with clade C taxa], Hasemania kalunga by , Hemigrammus tocantinsi by Carvalho et al (2010), Hemigrammus ora by , Hyphessobrycon melanostichos and Hyphessobrycon notidanos by Carvalho & Bertaco (2006), Hyphessobrycon vinaceus by , and Oligosarcus itau by Mirande et al (2011).…”

Hyphessobrycon uaiso: new characid fish from the rio Grande, upper rio Paraná basin, Minas Gerais State (Ostariophysi: Characidae), with a brief comment about some types of Hyphessobrycon

“…Measurements and counts follow Fink & Weitzman (1974), Lima & Moreira (2003), and Carvalho et al (2010). Measures were made with a caliper rule to the nearest 0.05 mm on the left side of the specimen whenever possible, and are presented as percents of standard length (SL) or head length (HL).…”

“…For the type material herein analyzed, including some junior synonyms of Hyphessobrycon species and other genera, the names are listed according to the original description; see also Carvalho et al (2010) for additional examined Characidae taxa.…”

Redescription of Hyphessobrycon flammeusMyers, 1924 (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a threatened species from Brazil

“…Measurements and counts followed Fink & Weitzman (1974), , and Carvalho et al (2010). Measurements were made with a caliper rule to the nearest 0.05 mm on the left side of the specimen whenever possible, and are presented as percents of standard length (SL) or head length (HL).…”