Two new species of the genus Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 from the upper rio Uruguay drainage (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Abstract

Two new species of the genus Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 from the upper rio Uruguay drainage (Perciformes: Cichlidae) Carlos A. S. de LucenaTwo new species of the genus Crenicichla from the upper rio Uruguay basin are described, Crenicichla hadrostigma and C. empheres. Both are included in the C. missioneira species group along with C. missioneira, C. minuano, C. tendybaguassu, C. igara, and C. jurubi, all occurring in the upper and middle rio Uruguay drainage. Crenicichla hadrostigma is distinguished by the conspicuous ocellated posttemporal blotch, absence of a humeral spot and lateral band, and the presence in males of nine to 16 narrow vertical bars extending from the dorsum to a horizontal line that passes through the lower edge of pectoral axilla. Crenicichla empheres is distinguished from the other species of the missioneira-group by the presence of six to eight horizontally elongate dark blotches along the middle portion of the body, slightly below the upper lateral line, absence of a lateral band, presence in males of numerous dark and irregularly arranged spots on nape, back, and sides of body, and isognathous mouth. A key to the species from rio Uruguay basin is presented.São descritas duas novas espécies do gênero Crenicihla da bacia do alto rio Uruguai, Crenicichla hadrostigma e C. empheres. Ambas pertencem ao grupo-missioneira composto por C. missioneira, C. minuano, C. tendybaguassu, C. igara e C. jurubi, todas ocorrendo na bacia do alto e médio rio Uruguai. Crenicichla hadrostigma distingue-se dessas espécies pela conspícua mancha escura ocelada pós-temporal, ausência de mancha umeral e de faixa escura longitudinal e, pela presença de nove a 16 listras verticais escuras em exemplares machos que se estendem desde o dorso até linha horizontal que passa pela axila inferior da nadadeira peitoral. Crenicichla empheres distingue-se das demais espécies do grupo-missioneira, pela presença de seis a oito manchas retangulares escuras na linha média do corpo logo abaixo da linha lateral superior, ausência de faixa escura longitudinal, machos com pequenas manchas ou pontos escuros espalhados no dorso e laterais do corpo, e boca isognata. Uma chave para as espécies da bacia do rio Uruguai é fornecida.

Crenicichla chicha, a new species of pike cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the rio Papagaio, upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…This character state is shared with species of C. missioneira group (sensu Lucena & Kullander, 1992;Lucena, 2007;Kullander et al, 2010), and an intraspecific variation for this feature is observed in C. jupiaensis Britski & Luengo and C. mucuryna Ihering (H.R.V. pers.…”

“…Crenicichla Heckel is considered to be the most species rich genus of South American cichlids, comprising 84 valid species (Kullander, 2003;Kullander & Lucena, 2006;Casciotta et al, 2006;Lucena, 2007;Casciotta & Almirón, 2008;Montaña et al, 2008;Piálek et al, 2010;. These fishes are popularly known in Brazil as "joaninhas", "peixes-sabão" and "jacundás" and are found over most river drainages of tropical to temperate cis-Andean South America (Kullander & Lucena, 2006).…”

A new colorful species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae), endemic to the rio Aripuanã in the Amazon basin of Brazil

“…At the time, the resultant Geophagus sensu stricto contained only the three species considered valid by Gosse (1976), viz. G. camopiensis, G. harreri, and G. surinamensis. Recent taxonomic revisions have resulted in revalidations of the synonyms and new species for a total of 19 species (Kullander, 1986;Kullander & Nijssen, 1989;Kullander, 1991;Kullander et al, 1992;López-Fernandez & Taphorn, 2004;Lucinda et al, 2010;Hauser & López-Fernández, 2013).…”

“…Heckel, 1840;Pellegrin, 1903). From other species examined and from those species that are not listed under 'Material examined', values provided by original descriptions (Kullander & Nijssen, 1989;Kullander, 1991;Kullander et al, 1992;López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2004;Lucinda et al, 2010;Hauser & López-Fernández, 2013) or recent redescriptions (Kullander, 1986;Kullander & Nijssen, 1989) were also included, since they were obtained from a different and much wider set of specimens, better representing the actual variability of each species. Description.…”

First record of Crenicichla semifasciata (Heckel, 1840) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil

“…The genus Crenicichla has highest species richness in rivers of the Amazon basin and Guyanese highlands, however approximately one third of currently valid species inhabits the three major river drainages of the Rio de La Plata basin, viz., Rio Uruguai, Rio Paraguai and Rio Paraná. Lucena and Kullander (1992), followed by Lucena (2007), recognized thirteen species of Crenicichla from the Rio Uruguai, and found a high degree of endemism in the middle-upper Uruguai basin, with ten endemic species. Seven species of Crenicichla are distributed in the coastal drainages of Southeast and Southern Brazil, forming a distinct fauna without any representative in the adjacent rivers of the La Plata or São Francisco basins (Kullander and Lucena 2006;Mattos et al 2014).…”