Reference breast temperature: proposal of an equation

Souza, Gladis Aparecida Galindo Reisemberger de; Brioschi, Marcos Leal; Vargas, J.V.C.; Morais, Keli Cristiane Correia; Neto, Carlos Dalmaso; Neves, Eduardo Borba

doi:10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3392

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a results of major instrumental improvements to yield enhanced light collection rates (x110 enhanced Raman photon acquisition rates 14 ) the desired sensitivity to detect small amounts of HAP and CO was achieved although this was still challenging within >40–50 mm thick tissues. Crucially, all the spectra reported in our previous paper were measured on phantoms at room temperature (~22 °C); this is significantly lower than the average biological temperature of human breast in vivo (~35 °C 18 ). Here we explore the dependence of TRS signals on temperature in this important temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sensitivity of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Signals to Temperature of Biological Tissues

Ghiţă

Matousek

Stone

2018

Sci Rep

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Optical properties of biological tissues can be influenced by their temperature, thus affecting light transport inside the sample. This could potentially be exploited to deliver more photons inside large biological samples, when compared with experiments at room temperature, overcoming some of difficulties due to highly scattering nature of the tissue. Here we report a change in light transmitted inside biological tissue with temperature elevation from 20 to 40 °C, indicating a considerable enhancement of photons collected by the detector in transmission geometry. The measurement of Raman signals in porcine tissue samples, as large as 40 mm in thickness, indicates a considerable increase in signal ranging from 1.3 to 2 fold, subject to biological variability. The enhancements observed are ascribed to phase transitions of lipids in biological samples. This indicates that: 1) experiments performed on tissue at room temperature can lead to an underestimation of signals that would be obtained at depth in the body in vivo and 2) that experiments at room temperature could be modified to increase detection limits by elevating the temperature of the material of interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sensitivity of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Signals to Temperature of Biological Tissues

Ghiţă

Matousek

Stone

2018

Sci Rep

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“…(7,8) As human temperature is a vital signal that can be measured in a single point (oral, axillary, rectal, visceral, esophageal, tympanic) or in several cutaneous points (thermography), it is possible to know and control body thermoregulation and the diseases related to it, thus, being able to be used for the breastfeeding complications. (10) Infrared thermography has been assuming an increasingly important role as a safe method capable of analyzing the perfusion state of the organic tissues in several different situations, through determinations of superficial skin temperatures. (10) In order to assess the immediate postpartum lactating women, this study aimed to identify the surface temperature of the nipple-areola complex, with and without fissures, establishing comparison with group of nulliparous women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(10) Infrared thermography has been assuming an increasingly important role as a safe method capable of analyzing the perfusion state of the organic tissues in several different situations, through determinations of superficial skin temperatures. (10) In order to assess the immediate postpartum lactating women, this study aimed to identify the surface temperature of the nipple-areola complex, with and without fissures, establishing comparison with group of nulliparous women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermography study of nipple-areola complex in immediate puerperas

Migueli¹,

Luz²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

mtprehabjournal

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Introduction:In the puerperium period, one of the main causes for discontinuation of breastfeeding is breast changes. The fissure is characterized by a skin lesion in the nipple-areolar complex, a consequence of an error in the breastfeeding. Objective: The present study aimed to identify the surface temperature of the nipple-areola complex of the lactating breast, with and without fissure, establishing a comparison with a group of nulliparous women. Method: The sample consisted of thirty women, forming three groups: G1-puerperae with breast fissure; G2-puerperae without breast fissure; and G3-nulliparous. The evaluations were carried out at public Carmela Dutra Maternity of Florianopolis (SC), consisting of: interview, inspection and thermographic examination of the anterior view of the breasts. Nulliparous were evaluated at the Santa Catarina State University. Results: Increased vascularization was observed in G1 and G2, including the nipple-areola complex, mainly in G2. Seven women of G1 and eight of G2 presented warmer and vascularized areolar region when compared to the nipple. The nulliparas presented different thermal image, with smaller number of areas with delineations of blood vessels. Statistical differences were observed between groups at the minimum temperature in the areola (p=0.007) and in the nipple (p=0.037). When comparing the mean temperatures between the groups, there was a statistical difference between G1 and G3 in both regions (p=0.005; p=0.047). The G1 presented lower temperature in the nipple region. Conclusion: The group with fissure had lower values of superficial temperature compared to the others, which could be associated with a vascular alteration process, and the thermographic evaluation made it possible to identify physiological and structural modifications of the breast. As a non-invasive technique, thermography can be a tool in the monitoring of physiological anatomical changes of the breast, as well as in the identification of problems related to lactation difficulty, opening doors to new studies about the subject.

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“…IRT is a noninvasive and noncontact method that is safe and repetitive, providing many diagnostical opportunities. However, studies have indicated that IRT is not an anatomical examination but represents dynamic information about the functional status of the organ . Thermographic analyses are usually conducted via comparisons of the differences between affected structures and healthy contralateral ones .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies have indicated that IRT is not an anatomical examination but represents dynamic information about the functional status of the organ. 27 Thermographic analyses are usually conducted via comparisons of the differences between affected structures and healthy contralateral ones. 20,28,29 In clinical practice, it is problematic in patients whose chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and leg ulcer occurred bilaterally and symmetrically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermography to prognose the venous leg ulcer healing process—preliminary results of a 12‐week, prospective observational study

Cwajda‐Białasik

Mościcka

Jawień

et al. 2019

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Venous leg ulcers are complex, and their multifactorial etiology make successful treatment a difficult and long process. Nonhealing ulcers are the greatest challenge because they are resistant to standard therapies. In this study, we analyzed whether monitoring the temperature of the ulcered limb wound area could benefit the diagnosis of the wound's tendency to heal (estimating the presence of a healing or nonhealing wound) in patients with two‐sided venous leg ulcers. This prospective, 12‐week observational study included 57 adult individuals with chronic venous leg ulcers. The dynamics of wound healing was assessed by planimetry and infrared thermography every two weeks. We analyzed temperatures measured at three marked areas—the wound, the periwound skin, and the reference area. An initial wound area larger than 1 cm2 was associated with a temperature increase of 0.027 °C in the periwound skin. A 1‐cm2 decrease in the wound area was associated with a 0.04 °C decrease in the temperature difference between the periwound skin and wound. A strong positive relationship was identified for both the bacteriology variables (the presence of bacteria: temperature increase in the periwound skin of 0.4 °C, p < 0.001; the number of bacterial species in a wound, temperature increase of 0.95 °C, p < 0.001). The temperature in the reference area was significantly correlated with the failure of the superficial and perforating veins (temperature increase of 0.69 °C, p = 0.04). This study reports that the assessment of the temperature a limb may be beneficial in predicting whether an ulcer is a healing or a nonhealing ulcer. The decrease in the temperature differences between the areas referred to as healing wounds was the only beneficial prognostic marker. Other temperature differences in the periwound skin were caused by disorders, such as multibacterial wound infections and superficial venous inflammation.

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Reference breast temperature: proposal of an equation

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Sensitivity of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Signals to Temperature of Biological Tissues

Sensitivity of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Signals to Temperature of Biological Tissues

Thermography study of nipple-areola complex in immediate puerperas

Infrared thermography to prognose the venous leg ulcer healing process—preliminary results of a 12‐week, prospective observational study

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