Prevalence of hepatitis A in the capitals of the States of North, Southeast and South regions of Brazil: decrease in prevalence and some consequences

Pereira, Leila Maria Moreira Beltrão; Stein, Airton Tetelbom; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria; Coral, Gabriela Perdomo; Montarroyos, Ulísses Ramos; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves; Braga, Cynthia; Moreira, Regina Célia; Santos, Alex Alves dos; Ximenes, Ricardo A. A.

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202163034

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The increase of hepatitis A incidence, mainly among men, observed in Brazil from the end of 2016 was more intense in São Paulo; however, it was also observed in other cities from the southeast and south regions of Brazil [18,19]. These regions have a low hepatitis A endemicity and a higher proportion of young and susceptible adults [20]. Considering that hepatitis A can be more severe among this age group [21], it is important to emphasize the need to implement vaccination against hepatitis A for this population-particularly for groups with high-risk behavior-even in developing countries such as Brazil because they may have areas with different levels of endemicity and a large population of young adults susceptible to HAV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Chuffi

Gomes‐Gouvêa

Casadio

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Outbreaks of hepatitis A may occur in countries of medium and high socioeconomic levels in which the population generally exhibits an increased susceptibility in young adults to this infection if they are not vaccinated against the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In Europe, an outbreak involved approximately 22 European countries with 4475 cases reported from 2016 to 2018; most of them were men who have sex with men (MSM). This outbreak expanded to North and South America, including Brazil, particularly in São Paulo city with 1547 reported cases from 2016 to 2019. In the present study, we characterized the HAV strains involved in the acute hepatitis A cases identified in the reference centers of São Paulo city during this outbreak. A total of 51 cases with positive anti-HAV IgM were included, 80.4% male, 68.6% of them between 20 and 40 years old and 41.7% MSM. HAV RNA was detected in 92% (47/51) of the cases. Subgenotype IA of HAV was identified and most of the strains were closely related to that isolated in outbreaks that occurred in different European countries in 2016. These results showed the epidemiological relation between these outbreaks and reinforce the need to implement vaccination against hepatitis A for the adult population, particularly for a population with a high-risk behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Chuffi

Gomes‐Gouvêa

Casadio

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…No one has found a significant increased seroprevalence associated with low-income condition. Regarding hepatitis A endemicity, anti-HAV seroprevalence is directly associated with socio-economic variable levels, such as water supply, regular water supply, and sewage disposal, as reported by Pereira et al [ 120 ]. The authors analyzed data from a population-based study from 2005 to 2009 to evaluate the predictive factors for hepatitis A in the North, South, and Southeast regions.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus In Brazil: Forth and Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although anti-HAV prevalence has been estimated only for children and adolescents (5–19 years old), the authors pointed out that HAV endemicity has decreased from high to intermediate in the North, and to a low level in the South and Southeast—probably reflecting the socio-economic improvement achieved after the implementation of the Growth Acceleration Program by the Brazilian government, in 2007. Nevertheless, HAV infection is still highly endemic in the North region, with anti-HAV prevalence rates up 70% in children and adolescents, much higher than those found in South and Southeast regions, of approximately 40% [ 120 ]. The opposite has been observed concerning HEV seroprevalence, which has substantially increased in the last decade, notably in the South and Southeast—an inverse correlation with the higher human development index (0.754 and 0.766) relative to the North and Northeast (0.667 and 0.663) [ 121 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus In Brazil: Forth and Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Research in Brazil: Looking Back and Forwards

Oliveira

Santos

Pinto

2023

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a public health concern in Brazil. From the first identification and characterization of porcine and human HEV-3 strains in the 2000s, new HEV subtypes have been identified from animal, human, and environmental isolates. As new potential animal reservoirs have emerged, there is a need to compile evidence on the zoonotic dissemination of the virus in animal hosts and the environment. The increasing amount of seroprevalence data on sampled and randomly selected populations must be systematically retrieved, interpreted, and considered under the One Health concept. This review focused on HEV seroprevalence data in distinct animal reservoirs and human populations reported in the last two decades. Furthermore, the expertise with experimental infection models using non-human primates may provide new insights into HEV pathogenesis, prevention, and environmental surveillance.

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“…Our study showed that a significant percentage of mothers were either illiterate or had acquired only a primary level of education, while the commonest source of drinking water in the household was underground boring. Pereira et al observed that the education level of individuals was independently associated with acute hepatitis infection [22]. Ashraf et al reported an outbreak of hepatitis E in Islamabad, Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study

Rasheed¹,

Khalid²,

Rubab³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Objective: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in children is a serious and major public health concern globally and in developing countries such as Pakistan. We conducted this study to determine the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of AVH due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in children.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital from February 20, 2020, to February 20, 2022. A total of 200 children 1-12 years of age who presented with symptoms and signs of AVH were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were noted, and venous blood was drawn for the assessment of HAV IgM and HEV IgM using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive statistics are run, and the results are presented as tables.Results: Of the children, 75% were diagnosed with acute HAV infection. The median duration of illness was six days (range: 2-21 days). The most common age group affected was 6-10 years (43.5%), of which 56.5% were males. Most of the children belonged to low and middle socioeconomic status (86.5%), and 41.5% consumed underground water for drinking. Fever was the most common symptom, followed by appetite loss and yellow discoloration of urine. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly high in HEV compared to HAV infection (2060.2±1036.7 versus 1730.7±957.5 IU/L) (P=0.04). Conclusion: Acute HAV was more prevalent. Those who are male, 6-10 years of age, from lower and middle socioeconomic status, and using underground drinking water were more affected by acute viral hepatitis. The clinical and biochemical presentation of HAV and HEV did not differ significantly.

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Prevalence of hepatitis A in the capitals of the States of North, Southeast and South regions of Brazil: decrease in prevalence and some consequences

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Hepatitis E Virus Research in Brazil: Looking Back and Forwards

Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study

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