Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study

Rasheed, Javaria; Khalid, Muhammad; Rubab, Sobia; Iqbal, Bilal; Nawaz, Iram; Shahzad, Abid

doi:10.7759/cureus.24056

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…18 Findings of a study by Rasheed et al, 2022, agreed with our results and noted that only ALT was significantly higher in viral hepatitis positive patients (p = 0.04), while other biochemical parameters did not exhibit any significant difference (p>0.05). 23 In addition, findings of two studies by Ahmadi et al, 2018 and Mohamed et al, 2019 agreed with our study data and reported that elevated serum ALT and AST levels, and decreased PLT counts were all linked with anti-HCV seropositivity. 29,30 Moreover, findings of a study conducted in Russia, included 301 children, totally agreed with our study results, observed high ALT and AST levels, but low levels of albumin and platelets counts among HCV infected children.…”

Section: Hcv Infection and Patient's Medical Historysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The children mean age was 7.3± 3.0 years, and the majority belonged to the 6-10 years age group, which disagreed with our results and indicating high incidence of HAV among children. 23 Globally, data of many studies agreed with our study results, which reported that HBV prevalence among children become very low due to vaccination. A study in the Philippines reported that only 15 (0.8%) children out of more than 2000 children were HBsAg positive.…”

Section: Hcv Infection and Patient's Medical Historysupporting

confidence: 91%

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Prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) infection and co-infection among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt

El-Shenawy

2024

EJI

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Viral hepatitis is considered a public health issue facing the entire world. The World Health Organization encouraged all countries to work together to eliminate this fatal infection and achieve the 2030 agenda. The present study aimed to investigate the silent infection of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt, to control and avoid chronic infection early on. This cross-sectional study included 184 randomly selected hospitalized children from three different hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. They were children aged between a few months to 15 years to determine viral hepatitis infection and co-infection. Antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV IgM), hepatitis E virus (HEV IgM), hepatitis C virus (HCV Ab), and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag) were performed by ELISA. If the ELISA results were positive, the viral load was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Other laboratory investigations included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and complete blood count. Only five children (2.71%) had HCV Ab positive with no other viral (A, B, and E) co-infections as determined by ELISA. Also, the RT-PCR detected HCV RNA in these ELISA positive children. The remaining children (179/184) were all negative for all hepatitis viruses’ markers (HAV IgM, HEV IgM, HBs Ag, and HCV Ab). In conclusion, this study documented that, Cairo hospitals serving Egyptian children had a low prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E). More research with larger sample sizes from hospitals across Egypt is needed.

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Section: Hcv Infection and Patient's Medical Historysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Hcv Infection and Patient's Medical Historysupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) infection and co-infection among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt

El-Shenawy

2024

EJI

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“…Out of 83 cases, 36 were boys (43.37%) and 47 were girls (56.62%). 15 The virus is responsible for most forms of acute but benign hepatitis and spreads mainly through the fecaloral route and hence is preventable by precautionary methods. 3,6,7 Boiling the water or cooking the food for at least 1 minute to 85 degree Celsius inactivates the virus which can bring a drastic decrease in the incidence of the disease as most of the people report either drinking unboiled water for different personal or social reasons or the older children drinking directly from the stream or tap while playing in the fields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of hepatitis A in children with acute icteric hepatitis of district Shopian of Kashmir

Lone¹,

Khurshid²,

Mushtaq

2022

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Viral hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide. It is caused by at least five hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis A virus being the commonest one. The virus is responsible for most forms of acute benign hepatitis, although fulminant hepatic failure can occur. HAV spreads mainly through the fecal-oral route and hence is preventable by precautionary methods. Hepatitis A vaccine is available and highly effective in preventing disease. Objective of current study was to find the incidence of hepatitis A in children with features of acute icteric hepatitis of district Shopian of Kashmir.Methods: We sampled 83 children aged above 1 year to 17 years who attended the hospital for different features suggestive of hepatitis and evaluated them after proper and detailed history followed by relevant investigations and serology. Cases were labelled positive or negative on the basis of HAV IgM antibody.Results: We had 83 cases, 36 were boys (43.37%) and 47 were girls (56.62%). The girls made just more than a half of the cases and the boys just below half the cases. 13.25% (11 cases) were aged 1 to 4 years (none was below 2 years), 32.53% (27) were 4 to 7years, 32.53% (27) were 7 to 10 years, 16.87% (14) were 10 to 13 years, only 4.82% (4 cases) reported were 13 to 17 years. All 83 proved to be hepatitis A (100%).Conclusions: This study found that the incidence of hepatitis A in children with features of acute icteric hepatitis is very high in the children of district Shopian & a survey with a very large sample size will be ideal.

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“…The variability in the nature of the disease regarding its onset, presenting symptoms, clinical course and the development of complications in hepatitis is an important aspect which requires attention from time to time [11]. Awareness of the clinical symptoms of acute viral hepatitis is also important for the early identification and seeking of medical attention so as to prevent morbidity and mortality related to the disease [13]. The public health sectors need to work in collaboration to increase public awareness, facilitate timely preparation and make necessary arrangements to counter outbreaks or epidemics and thus reduce morbidity, mortality and economic burden [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Symptomatic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

Maasha

Oberoi²,

Sidhu³

et al. 2022

JAMB

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Background: Acute Viral Hepatitis (AVH) is a major health problem worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing countries, like India. The most common cause of viral hepatitis is a specific group of hepatic viruses A, B, C and E (HAV, HBV, HCV and HEV). Their clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to acute and fulminant hepatitis or chronic hepatitis. Exploring the etiological spectrum and clinic-epidemiological profile of AVH becomes essential for formulating the preventive measures to control the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 122 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of acute viral hepatitis during May 2021 to April 2022. Serum was separated and tested for IgM anti-HAV antibodies, IgM anti-HEV antibodies, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and IgM anti-HCV antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Out of 122 AVH patients, HAV (41.80%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (36.88%), HBV (17.21%) and HCV (13.11%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 28 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. Amongst the positive AVH cases, the seropositivity was higher in males (60.65%) than females (39.34%). The most common symptom was Icterus (64.87%), followed by fever (52.51%), pain abdomen (50.91%), anorexia (46.22%), vomiting (26.24%), malaise (21.24%) and diarrhea (12.23%). Conclusion: In our present study we have found that HAV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis followed by HEV, HBV and HCV with icterus being the most common symptom followed by fever, pain abdomen, anorexia, vomiting, malaise and diarrhea. Regular diagnosis of AVH and monitoring of cases will help in patient management and thus reduce morbidity and mortality.

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Clinical and Epidemiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Due to Hepatitis A and E in Children: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital-Based Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) infection and co-infection among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) infection and co-infection among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt

Incidence of hepatitis A in children with acute icteric hepatitis of district Shopian of Kashmir

Prevalence of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Symptomatic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

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