Craniofacial characteristics of Caucasian and Afro-Caucasian Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue characteristics of Caucasian and Afro-Caucasian Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion and to evaluate sexual dimorphism within the groups.Material and MethodsThe sample comprised lateral cephalograms of untreated normal occlusion subjects, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 40 Caucasian subjects (20 of each sex), with a mean age of 13.02 years; group 2 included 40 Afro-Caucasian subjects (20 of each sex), with a mean age of 13.02 years. Groups 1 and 2 and males and females within each group were compared with t tests.ResultsAfro-Caucasian subjects presented greater maxillary protrusion, smaller upper anterior face height and lower posterior face height, larger upper posterior face height, greater maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar protrusion as well as soft tissue protrusion than Caucasian subjects. The Afro-Caucasian female subjects had less mandibular protrusion and smaller total posterior facial height and upper posterior facial height than males.ConclusionsBrazilian Afro-Caucasian subjects have greater dentoalveolar and soft tissue protrusion than Brazilian Caucasian subjects, with slight sexual dimorphism in some variables.

Wylie-Johnson analysis of adolescents of Afro-Brazilian descent with normal occlusion: investigation of the mean values

“…The value found in the relationship of the maxilla with the base of the skull (SNA) showed similarity to the results found by Silva 9 13 found higher values in the male gender than those found in the present study, whereas Janson et al 21 found lower values for both genders, since in his study no statistically significant difference was found for the male and female genders.…”

“…However, there was evident need to know the alterations in the linear and angular measurements of the dento-skeletal structures during growth, in addition to establishing their values in the different ethnic groups [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . In Individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent there are few studies that have been concerned with the cephalometric evaluation of this ethnic group in Brazil, with the outstanding studies being those of Silva 9 18 , Magnani et al 19 , de Freitas et al 20 , Janson et al 21 , Sobreira et al 22 and Carvalho et al 23 .…”

Long-term stability of soft tissue changes in anterior open bite adults treated with zygomatic miniplate-anchored maxillary posterior intrusion

“…Different soft tissue behavior may be attributed to several factors: soft tissue thickness, [22][23][24][25] pretreatment labial tension, 25,26 face height, 27 variations in the amount of adipose or muscle tissue present in the lips, area of lip-tooth contact, lip length, 28 and different ethnicities. 29 Previous studies have not reported the long-term soft tissue changes following the treatment of adult anterior open bite using skeletal anchorage. At the end of 4 years posttreatment, a statistically significant relapse was noted in the forward movement of the upper lip and upper lip sulcus, backward movement of the soft tissue pogonion, increase of the soft tissue facial height, and a reduction in the SN 0 B 0 angle (Table 6).…”

3D superimposition of craniofacial imaging—The utility of multicentre collaborations

“…Even though cephalometric values are still used as a normality reference in orthodontics, it is known that variability can occur from each patient, for many different reasons. Innumerous studies have shown that cephalometric numbers differ according to race, genetics backgrounds or orofacial anomalies …”