Morphological changes in the topography of dental surfaces, especially if related to enamel loss and roughness, are of considerable clinical importance. The quantitative evaluation method used herein enables a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of orthodontic bonding on teeth.

Black individuals present craniofacial characteristics which differ from those of other races, especially the white race, whose cephalometric analyses are usually considered as the standard in routine orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Further studies are therefore needed to enable more accurate and specific diagnoses for this ethnic group. The present study was conducted in order to assess average values for the nasolabial angle in young Brazilian black individuals with normal occlusion, and to assess the occurence of sexual dimorphism. Thirty-six lateral skull, extraoral radiographs from Brazilian black individuals were selected from the archives of the Scientific Recordings Department, Orthodontics Graduate Program, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The patients' ages varied from 10 to 14 years, they presented normal occlusion upon clinical examination, and had not been submitted to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric landmarks from which the nasolabial angle was obtained and measured were traced by a single researcher. Statistical analysis and evaluation of the results led to the conclusion that the nasolabial angle of young Brazilian black individuals is sharper, i.e., the soft tissue profile is more protruded. The average value for the whole sample was 88.14 o ± 12.52 o . The nasolabial angle was statistically smaller among females (p < 0.05), demonstrating the occurrence of sexual dimorphism. DESCRIPTORS: Cephalometry; Dental occlusion; Orthodontics; African continental ancestry group; Nasolabial angle. RESUMO:Os indivíduos melanodermas possuem características craniofaciais diferentes das apresentadas pelas demais raças, principalmente por leucodermas que, normalmente, são considerados como padrão nas análises cefalométricas utilizadas rotineiramente no diagnóstico e planejamento dos tratamentos ortodônticos. São, portanto, necessárias novas pesquisas que permitam um diagnóstico mais acurado e específico para esse grupo étnico. Os pesquisadores desenvolveram esta pesquisa com o objetivo de verificar valores médios do ângulo nasolabial em jovens melanodermas brasileiros com oclusão clinicamente normal e de verificar a ocorrência de dimorfismo sexual. Foram selecionadas 36 telerradiografias de cabeça, tomadas em norma lateral, de indivíduos brasileiros melanodermas, na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, com oclusão clinicamente normal e que nunca se submeteram a tratamento ortodôntico, provenientes dos arquivos do Setor de Documentação Científica do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Sobre essas radiografias foram delimitados os pontos e as linhas que dão origem ao ângulo nasolabial, o qual foi traçado e medido por um único pesquisador. Após análise estatística e avaliação dos resultados, concluiu-se que o ângulo nasolabial em indivíduos jovens brasileiros melanodermas apresenta-se mais agudo, ou seja, o perfil tegumentar apresenta-se mais protrus...

Vertical control is one of the primary objectives sought by orthodontists when treating malocclusions in hyperdivergent individuals. This investigation aimed at assessing vertical control, by cephalometric measurements, during the treatment of Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Thirty cases, selected from the files of the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Brazil, of subjects with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion and facial hyperdivergence, were used in this study. The patients were treated using a combined extraoral appliance during a mean treatment time of 1.1 years. Pre-and posttreatment cephalometric measurements were compared to assess vertical control. The results were submitted to ANOVA (p = 5%). The ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment values of OP (Occlusal plane angle) and SN.MP. While there was a decrease in Y-axis, FMA, and PP.MP, there was an increase in SN.PP, Co-Go, AFH, PFH, and FHI. It was concluded that the divergence in the facial lower third of the patients did not increase, suggesting that the combined extraoral appliance with the line of force application directed to the resistance center of the maxilla was effective in treating Angle Class II malocclusion in hyperdivergent subjects.

ABSTRACT:This study has defined the cephalometric values of the Craniofacial Analysis of the Tweed Foundation for a sample of Brazilian subjects. The sample consisted of 211 cephalometric radiographs from subjects aged 12-15, which were divided into two groups: Class II group, with 168 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of white Brazilian subjects, with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion, of both genders (82 males and 86 females); and the Control Group, with 43 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of subjects whose occlusion was clinically excellent, and also of both genders (21 males and 22 females). The teleradiographs were selected from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, previously to the orthodontic treatment. The results demonstrated no sexual dimorphism for each group, as attested by the Student's t-test. The exploratory analysis (± 0.5 standard deviation) enabled the tolerance limits to be determined and a Craniofacial Analysis Table to be constructed using the respective cephalometric intervals. In addition, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant according to the maxilla position. The maxilla was in a good position in relation to the cranial base. On the other hand, the mandible was retruded in relation to the cranial base in the Class II cases. The skeletal pattern was not defined because only the Facial Height Index (FHI) showed a vertical pattern in Class II subjects, while the Y Axis, SN.PlO, SN.GoMe and FMA values did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. The Class II division 1 subjects showed lower incisors more labially tipped and a convex facial profile. DESCRIPTORS:Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Cephalometry; Diagnosis. RESUMO:A pesquisa definiu os valores cefalométricos da Análise Craniofacial da Fundação Tweed em amostra de brasileiros. O estudo constava de 211 telerradiografias tomadas previamente ao tratamento ortodôntico de indivíduos na faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos: o Grupo Classe II, com 168 telerradiografias registradas em norma lateral de indivíduos leucodermas, maloclusão Classe II, divisão 1 de Angle, de ambos os gêneros (82 do gênero masculino e 86 do feminino); e o Grupo Controle, com 43 telerradiografias registradas em norma lateral de indivíduos com oclusão clinicamente excelente, também de ambos os gêneros (21 do gênero masculino e 22 do feminino). As telerradiografias foram selecionadas no arquivo da Disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Os resultados demonstraram não existir dimorfismo sexual dentro de cada grupo, comprovado pelo Teste t de Student. A análise exploratória (± 0,5 desvio padrão) tornou possível a determinação dos limites de tolerância e a elaboração de uma Tabela da Análise Craniofacial com os respectivos intervalos cefalométricos. Observou-se que não houve diferença significativa na posição de maxila entre os ...

A definição da posição do incisivo inferior oferece ao clínico dados para um correto planejamento e tratamento, assim como melhor estabilidade na pós-contenção. Observa-se, porém, que as análises cefalométricas mais utilizadas em Ortodontia para o diagnóstico geralmente são baseadas em indivíduos leucodermas, que diferem em características craniofaciais das outras raças. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento do incisivo inferior em relação às referências incisais preconizadas por Andrade (1-Jr), Interlandi (1-linhaI), Vigorito (1-linhaV) e Ricketts (1-linha AP) em jovens brasileiros melanodermas com oclusão normal, verificando também a ocorrência de dimorfismo sexual. Foram selecionadas 36 telerradiografias de cabeça tomadas em norma lateral de indivíduos brasileiros, melanodermas, na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos, de ambos os gêneros, com oclusão clinicamente normal e que nunca se submeteram a tratamento ortodôntico, do Setor de Documentação Científica do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ortodontia da FOP/UNICAMP, nas quais foram traçados os pontos, linhas e planos cefalométricos necessários para obtenção das referências incisais e medidas nas análises sugeridas pelos autores selecionados. Os valores médios obtidos para a posição do incisivo inferior diferiram entre si por duas análises estatísticas, havendo diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os métodos estudados. Também não houve dimorfismo sexual. Concluiu-se que a posição dos incisivos inferiores em indivíduos jovens melanodermas brasileiros apresenta inclinação e vestibularização maior que a preconizada pelos autores consultados, e que a análise de referência incisal de Andrade (1-Jr) parece se comportar mais adequadamente para este grupo étnico.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate mean cephalometric measurements for a group of individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent using the Wylie-Johnson analysis, and to investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism. MethodsThirty-six lateral radiographs of the head of African-Brazilians were used. Subjects were 10 to 14 years old and had clinically normal occlusion, all permanent teeth, and no history of orthodontic treatment. were, respectively: SNA 88.31º and 89.68º; SNB 83.96º and 85.01º; ANB 4.44º and 4.69º; 1:1= 118.18º and 116.51º; Results Results for girls and boys

Objective: This study evaluated bone age using the Greulich & Pyle method (1959) and pubertal growth according to the study conducted by Martins (1979). Methods: Hand and wrist radiographs of 201 children (103 boys) aged 9 to 12 years living in the state of Amazonas (Brazil) were analyzed. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis at a level of significance of 5% (p<0.05). Results and Conclusions: Girls were at more advanced stages in all phases of skeletal growth than boys for the ages under study; 50% of the girls had reached pubertal growth peak, whereas only 11.6% of the boys were in the same stage. The beginning and the peak of the pubertal growth spurt occurred earlier among girls (10.1 ± 0.7 and 11.1 ± 0.8 years) than among boys (11.4 ± 0.7 and 12.3 ± 0.4 years). Early maturation was more frequent among girls than among boys (41.8% vs. 5.8%), and late maturation was more prevalent among boys (38.8% vs. 11.2%). Mean bone age in the group of boys was 10.4 ± 1.7 years, and in the group of girls, 11.7 ± 1.8 years. AbstractKeywords: Growth and development. Puberty. Sexual maturity.