Limites da tolerância na educação para a democracia: o programa Câmara Mirim - Plenarinho

Abstract

Democracy involves the political participation of citizens, which in turn requires the knowledge and practice obtained from education. When opening spaces for debate, however, the appearance of controversy should be expected, paradoxically including antidemocratic attitudes. For young audiences, the matter becomes even more problematic. What should and should not be tolerated in an education for democracy? To answer that question, this research does a literature review on the concept of tolerance in political theory and its need in recent democracies, along with the challenges for effective participation (with unpredictable effects) and the discussion of the educators' role around what and how to work on for such apprenticeship. The empirical part focuses on the educational program Plenarinho (Little Plenary) from the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, in the action Camara Mirim (Chamber for Kids), which encourages the political participation of children through a bill contest. The contents of over 6k proposals sent between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed in search for intolerant ideas, to find out if they had grown in numbers over recent years, in which a greater political polarization in Brazil and a resurgence of intolerance have been observed. The results point to an occurrence of non-democratic ideas that was not significant, keeping the same level throughout 10 years of Camara Mirim. The most interesting number is, however, the considerable presence of propositions aiming precisely at countering intolerance. Thus, along with the recommendations present in the literature, the children themselves present the key to deal with the problem.

Dinâmica Geracional, Posições Sociais E Comportamento Político

“…No Brasil, Castro e Grisolia (2016) afirmam que a ausência de estudos sobre política e infância está ligada a uma concepção da subjetividade infantil, que é compreendida majoritariamente como passiva e em processo de formação -portanto, marcada pela incompletude, desconsiderando que as crianças também são sujeitos políticos, "de fala e de direitos", com papéis públicos que devem ser considerados em suas particularidades. Lima (2020), por sua vez, analisa o programa de educação cívica Câmara Mirim -Plenarinho e sua importância para a formação de uma cultura política democrática no Brasil, destacando a necessidade de se ofertar às crianças um ambiente educacional que promova engajamento público efetivo, bem como condições de participação pública em ambientes democráticos, nos quais as crianças possam ouvir e ser ouvidas.…”