Prevalence of prostate adenocarcinoma according to race in an university hospital

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of prostate cancer and to assess potential associations between race and prostate adenocarcinoma according to age in patients followed in an outpatient service of general urology in an university hospital.Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of men aged from 40 to 79 years, followed during the period from 1999 to 2001. Patients were classified according to race in White, Mulatto and Black. Those with abnormal digital rectal examination and/or serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 4.0 ng/ml, underwent a transrectal prostate biopsy.Results: 580 patients with mean age of 60.7 ± 10.0 years were studied, with 116 Whites (20.0%), 276 Mulattos (47.6%) and 188 Blacks (32.4%). There was no significant difference regarding the mean age (p = 0.62), serum level of PSA (p = 0.65) and prevalence of prostate adenocarcinoma between Whites, Mulattos and Blacks (p = 0.36). While studying the association between race classified in 2 groups (Whites versus Mulattos and Blacks) and prostate adenocarcinoma according to age, no association was found when the total group was assessed, neither among those with age above 60 years old. In the group between 40 and 60 years, even though without statistical significance, the estimate of prevalence ratio was 2.2 (CI 95%: 0.52 to 9.0; p = 0.38).Conclusion: Prostate adenocarcinoma was found in 16.6% of the patients aged between 40 and 79 years. We did not find a racial influence in our population.

The prevalence of prostate cancer in Brazil is higher in Black men than in White men: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Some studies included as Black people who were classified as Brown or Black, (3,11,12) and others grouped in the Black category all nonWhite participants. (15,(20)(21)(22) One study included as Black individuals with all kinds of skin pigmentation if they had African ancestry.…”

“…Based on five studies that evaluated the prevalence of prostate cancer in Brown men independently (3,5,11,12), the prevalence of prostate cancer was 10.1% in 1757 Black men, compared to 6.7% in 2568 Brown men (OR 1.43, CI 95% 1.14-1.79, p for overall effect <0.05, p for heterogeneity >0.10). Odds ratio of prostate cancer in Brown versus White men was 1.14 (CI 95% 0.78-1.67, p for overall effect >0.05, p for heterogeneity >0.10, Figure-2).…”

“…Orientation should include early diagnosis, the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, as well as documented risk factors such as age, family history, and race/ethnicity. In Brazil, most published studies did not separately demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of prostate cancer in Black versus White patients (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)21,22). Notwithstanding, several of these studies showed a tendency toward a higher prevalence of prostate cancer in Black men (11,13,21), suggesting that a low sample bias may have been responsible for non-significant statistical results.…”

“…(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) These results have been frequently attributed to the high race mixture index of the Brazilian population as a consequence of centuries of interethnic crosses between Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians; as well as the use of different methodology to classify individuals into racial groups and the inaccuracy in stratification of race using skin color (3,5,(11)(12)(13)15,17,18).…”

Controversial predictors of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: a study from a Latin American (Brazilian) Institution

“…The prevalence of prostate cancer in Brazil is higher in Black men compared to White men (12)(13)(14)(15). We studied the influence of race in regard to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.…”