Diversidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte da região do rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Between April 2008 and May 2009, studies on the species richness, composition and relative abundance of the medium and large sized mammals were carried out in the Urucu basin (Brazilian Amazon). The survey was conducted using line transect sampling method, active search for signs and camera-traps. A total of 41 species of 17 families and eight orders were recorded. Primates was the group with the highest species richness in sympatry (13 species), followed by carnivores (11 species). Primates, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla and Rodentia were the most abundant groups. The high diversity of medium and large sized mammals presented here indicates the importance of the region for mammals conservation in Amazonia. Resumo: Entre abril de 2008 e maio de 2009 foram realizadas expedições para o estudo sobre a riqueza, a composição e a abundância relativa dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte na região do rio Urucu (Amazonas, Brasil). Foram empregados três métodos de amostragem: censo por transecção linear, busca ativa por vestígios e armadilhas fotográficas. No total foram registradas 41 espécies de mamíferos pertencentes a 17 famílias e oito ordens. As ordens com maior riqueza foram Primates, com 13 espécies registradas, e Carnivora, com 11 espécies registradas. Entre os grupos mais abundantes se destacaram as ordens Primates, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla e Rodentia. A alta diversidade de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte encontrada em Urucu reforça a importância desta região para a conservação da mastofauna amazônica. Palavras-chave: censo por transecção linear, busca ativa por vestígios, armadilhas fotográficas, riqueza, composição, abundância relativa.

Terrestrial mammal assemblages in protected and human impacted areas in Northern Brazilian Amazonia

“…For instance, its relative abundance in PA Maracá is ~70% of the overall abundance of the area, and is almost the total relative abundance of the second most abundant area, PA Uatumã. As expected, the latter does not have such a high Tayassu pecari abundance as most areas of the Guyana shield (Munari et al 2011, Negrões et al 2011, Botelho et al 2012, Santos and Oliveira 2012.…”

“…In this study Carnivora was the most speciose order, followed by Artiodactyla, in both PAs and IAs, suggesting that the structure of the mammalian community is preserved, although some of the species are generalist and matrix/fragmented tolerant species, such as Eira barbara. Studies in the Neotropics have shown that Carnivora is the most speciose order of large terrestrial mammals in protected areas, followed by Artiodactyla (Tobler et al 2008, Munari et al 2011, Springer et al 2012, Santos and Oliveira 2012, Ahumada et al 2013, Burton et al 2015, Michalski et al 2015, whereas in protected areas that are surrounded by human disturbances, Carnivora was followed by Rodentia and Xenarthra, which could represent an intermediate conservation status (Pickles et al 2011, Carvalho et al 2014, Lizcano et al 2016, or Rodentia could even be the most speciose order (Michalski et al 2015). In impacted areas, however, the most speciose order seems to be Xenarthra, followed by Rodentia Peres 2007, Botelho et al 2012).…”

“…Richness and diversity of terrestrial large mammals in the Neotropics is higher in strictly protected areas that are surrounded by other undisturbed forests than in those subject to deforestation and hunting in its surroundings, and is lowest in highly impacted areas (Tobler et al 2008, Ahumada et al 2011, Pickles et al 2011, Botelho et al 2012, Santos and Oliveira 2012, Carvalho et al 2014, Melo et al 2015, Meyer et al 2015. In strictly protected areas that are surrounded by other undisturbed forests, Carnivora and Artiodactyla are among the richest mammalian orders Oliveira 2012, Carvalho et al 2014), whereas in protected areas that are subjected to anthropogenic impacts in its surroundings, although Carnivora may still be the most speciose order, Rodentia and Xenarthra may replace Artiodactyla and become the most species-rich orders (Ahumada et al 2013, Michalski et al 2015, Lizcano et al 2016).…”

Species composition and frequency of habitat use by medium and large-sized mammals in the Brazilian Cerrado Biome, State of Tocantins

“…The nomenclature of species was done according to the Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals (Paglia et al, 2012). Mammal species registered in this study, i.e., Aotus infulatus (Kuhl, 1820), Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889), Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774), Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dasyprocta prymnolopha (Wagler, 1831), correspond to 92% of species already described within the Cerrado biome (Marinho-Filho, Rodrigues, & Juarez, 2002), and five additional species to those reported in other studies (Fonseca & Redford, 1984;Redford & Fonseca, 1986;Johnson et al, 1999;Marinho-Filho et al, 2002;Santos-Filho & Silva, 2002;Lima, Hidasi, & Veiga, 2005;Silva Jr et al, 2007;Juarez, 2008;Nobre et al, 2009;Oliveira, Câmara, & Oliveira, 2009;Bocchiglieri et al, 2010;Carmignotto & Aires, 2011;Nunes, Scoss, & Lessa, 2012). These records extended the geographic distribution of species especially due to the accuracy of methods used for data collection, duration of the study and extent of the area of study.…”

Ocorrência de queixada (Tayassu pecari), caititu (Pecari tajacu) e javaporco (Sus scrofa) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) em João Pinheiro, Cerrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…Cabe esclarecer que normalmente o termo busca ativa é aplicado à busca ativa por vestígios (e.g. Santos & Mendes-Oliveira, 2012), enquanto que observações diretas de animais comumente são obtidas em censos visuais ou avistamentos em transecções lineares (e.g. Reis et al, 2010).…”