Ocorrência de queixada (Tayassu pecari), caititu (Pecari tajacu) e javaporco (Sus scrofa) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) em João Pinheiro, Cerrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

Ocorrência de queixada (Tayassu pecari), caititu (Pecari tajacu) e javaporco (Sus scrofa) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) em João Pinheiro, Cerrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com observações sobre história natural, conservação e distribuição regional Abstract. Occurrence of the White-lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari), Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu), and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) in João Pinheiro, Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with observations on natural history, conservation and regional distribution. Field sampling with active searche and camera-trap produced new records for three species of wild pigs in an area of Cerrado in the municipality of João Pinheiro, northwest Minas Gerais State. Field study was carried out in floodplain, meadow, dry forest and plateau landscapes composed of remnants of a diversity of phytophysiognomies and agricultural areas. Groups of Tayassu pecari (White-lipped Peccary), Endangered in Minas Gerais, were recorded at 14 localities in a great interfluvial plain with extensive conserved remnants, suggesting the occurrence of a metapopulation. Groups of Pecari tajacu (Collared Peccary), Vulnerable in Minas Gerais, were recorded at 20 localities, indicating a wide geographic distribution in the region among remnants in different states of conservation.Established groups of Sus scrofa hybrids (Wild Boar), an invasive species, were recorded at a single locality.We present observations on the natural history of the three species, emphasizing the consumption of several Cerrado fruits and seasonal movements due to fruiting for T. pecari, and the formation of significant groups and possible piscivorous behavior for P. tajacu. The records for T. pecari represent the first recent confirmed occurrences for the species in areas outside of conservation units in Minas Gerais. Local threats to T. pecari and P. tajacu are discussed, highlighting habitat destruction and fragmentation in the context of the history of land occupation in the municipality, different hunting practices and potential interference by S. scrofa. Based on these records, the relevant threats identified and the known susceptibility of T. pecari to local extinctions, we considered that the population of this species in the municipality of João Pinheiro is in danger to extinction unless large natural remnants are effectively protected in conservation units.

Serosurvey for Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease) in Free-Range Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) of Brazil

“…Such overlap has been confirmed in the Atlantic Forest biome by wild boars infested with the adult and nymph stages of ticks (Amblyomma brasiliense), which use collared peccaries as primary hosts in humid forests (Kmetiuk et al 2019). In the Cerrado biome, peccary habitat destruction and fragmentation has been related to wild boar occurrence (Silveira and Pacheco 2018). Because PRV transmission to secondary hosts can occur by secretions and excretions of infected suids (Sawitzky 1997), the seropositive wild boar in this study suggests the PRV circulation in degraded areas of central-western Brazil, a large area of susceptible wildlife, livestock, and domestic animal coexist.…”

“…The single male wild boar seropositive found in this study might indicate PRV circulation in degraded areas of centralwestern Brazil, although at a much lower prevalence than in the Pantanal biome. Nonetheless, geographical overlap of native peccaries and invasive wild boars has been described in both Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (Silveira and Pacheco 2018;Kmetiuk et al 2019).…”

Ocorrência da anta, Tapirus terrestris (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae), em João Pinheiro, Cerrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…Assim como apontado para Blastocerus dichotomus, Tayassu pecari e Pecari tajacu Silveira & Pacheco, no prelo), também em relação a Tapirus terrestris há urgente necessidade de criação de Unidades de Conservação em João Pinheiro, preferencialmente de proteção integral e contemplando grandes remanescentes naturais de Cerrado, para que a perpetuação da espécie seja garantida no município.…”

“…João Pinheiro está inserido nos domínios do bioma Cerrado e abriga diversas fitofisionomias naturais, com remanescentes expressivos de Campo Limpo, Campo Sujo, Parque de Cerrado, Cerrado sentido restrito, Cerradão, Mata Seca, Mata Ciliar, Mata de Galeria, Vereda e Palmeiral, além de subtipos dessas feições Silveira & Pacheco, no prelo), de acordo com a classificação de Ribeiro & Walter (1998). As diversas fitofisionomias locais estão organizadas em quatro principais tipos de paisagem ou regiões ecológicas: várzeas, planícies, matas secas e chapadas, ocorrendo mosaicos de remanescentes naturais, pastagens artificiais e monoculturas.…”

The pig of the Lençóis Maranhenses, first record of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Maranhão State, Brazil

“…The oldest record of Wild Boar in Brazil, in 1989, was in Jaraguão county, Rio Grande do Sul state (Deberdt and Scherer 2007), which can be considered the first introduction cycle of boar in Brazil (Oliveira 2012). Since that time, wild boars (S. scrofa and S. scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777 × S. scrofa) have been recorded in the Brazilian regions of the South, Southeast, and Center-West regions (Deberdt and Scherer 2007, Trovati and Munerato 2013, Pedrosa et al 2015, Pereira et al 2018, Silveira and Pacheco 2018. It also occurs in six municipalities of Bahia state, where the northernmost Brazilian record was observed in Correntina (Pedrosa et al 2015).…”