Desenvolvimento de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), utilizando diferentes densidades do parasitóide

Abstract

Barbosa, L. S.; Couri, M. S.; Aguiar-Coelho, V. M. Development of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), using different densities of parasitoid. Biota Neotrop., vol. 8, no. 1, Jan./Mar. 2008. Available from: <http:// www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n1/en/abstract?article+bn00808012008>. Abstract:The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) were studied. Different densities of the parasitoid were used (proportions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) with exposition of 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The post-embryonic period was significantly shorter in the proportion of 2:1 (13,73 days) and longer in the relation of 5:1. The peaks of emergence occurred in the 14 th day after the exposition of the parasitoid to the host in all relations, except for the relation of 4:1(13 rd day). The productivity of N. vitripennis does not vary significantly among the different proportions. As the number of parasitoids grows, its post-embryonic development gets slower and the sexual ratio of males grows up. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the host was exposed to five parasitoids. Resumo: O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) foram estudadas. Diferentes densidades do parasitóide foram utilizadas (proporções 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1) com exposição de 72 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio cobertos com algodão hidrofóbico, contendo uma pupa hospedeira. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras de pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram utilizadas como controle. O período pós-embrionário foi significativamente mais curto na proporção 2:1 (13,73 dias) e mais longo na relação 5:1. Os picos de emergência ocorreram no 14º dia após a exposição do parasitóide ao hospedeiro para todas as relações, com exceção da relação 4:1(13º dia). A produtividade de N. vitripennis não variou significativamente entre as diferentes proporções. Conforme o número de parasitóides aumentou foi observado ...

Exposure of a single host (Chrysomya megacephala) (Calliphoridae) to different quantities of female parasitoids (Nasonia vitripennis) (Pteromalidae)

“…In this study, the number of eggs on the pupae was not quantified, but a reduction in the production of parasitoids from the 7:1 treatment was observed and in addition to the delay of the development period it suggests that this may be related to the occurrence of superparasitism. Barbosa et al (2008) studied different proportions of female parasitoids (N. vitripennis) per host (Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1805) ranging from one to five. These authors did not verify significant differences in the number of parasitoids produced per pupa among the treatments, but they considered that males were more influenced than females because they presented a slower development with a high proportion parasitoid/host.…”

Tetrastichus howardi(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Different Densities and Periods of Parasitism onDiatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Caterpillars

“…Parasitoids can control agricultural pests with reduced costs (Barbosa et al 2008, Favero et al 2013) and environmental risks (Barrat et al 2010) relative to conventional methods. Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) caterpillars can cause injury on sugarcane, maize, sorghum (Cruz et al 2011), and rice (Lv et al 2011) crops.…”

“…The parasitoid density and length of exposure to the host may affect the successful of parasitism (Sagarra et al 2000, da Silva-Torres et al 2010, progeny production (Chong and Oetting 2006), offspring sex ratio (Choi et al 2001), life cycle length (egg to adult; Barbosa et al 2008Barbosa et al , 2010, and adult longevity in T. howardi. Thus, adequate parasitoid densities per host and exposure times can enhance the quality and number of individuals produced.…”

The classic episode of biological invasion: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) versus Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) - evaluation of the biotic potential

“…In the Laboratório de Estudos de Dípteros of Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) the species were identified using the taxonomic key of Mello (2003). The colonies of C. megacephala and C. macellaria were maintained, as described in Barbosa et al 2004Barbosa et al , 2008.…”