Introduction: Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Results: We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. Conclusion: There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region.

ABSTRACTthe Calliphoridae are flies of great ecological, medical and sanitary importance because they are decomposers of organic matter, mechanical vectors of pathogenic agents, and causers of myiasis. this paper attempts to ascertain the diversity of Calliphoridae in the tinguá Biological reserve and correlate meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity of the air, and precipitation) with the occurrence of these flies. the study was conducted at a site in the tinguá Biological reserve, located in the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de Janeiro, Brazil. four traps were set up using chicken viscera as bait. the experiment was conducted over the period of May 2001 to April 2002, with two monthly collections. the captured flies were killed with ether and conserved in 70% alcohol and identified in the laboratory of Diptera studies (unirio) and the laboratory of vector insect Biology and Control (fioCruz), both headquartered in the city of rio de Janeiro, rJ, Brazil. A total of 1,987 insects were captured, 37.5% belonging to the family Calliphoridae, 29.4% to Muscidae, 16.0% to sarcophagidae, and 17.1% to other families. the most representative species found was Phaenicia eximia (47.0%), followed by Hemilucilia semidiaphana (23.6%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (13.7%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (7.5%), Chloroprocta idioidea (4.9%), Chrysomya albiceps (1.2%), Chrysomya megacephala (0.9%), Phaenicia sericata (0.6%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0.5%), and Chrysomya putoria (0.1%). large numbers of Calliphoridae were noted in May, June, september and January, coinciding with low rainfall and an average temperature of 21.8 to 27.0 °C. A negative correlation was found between the number of Calliphoridae captured and meteorological factors.Keywords: population dynamics, biological reserve, Calliphoridae. ReSumo

Barbosa, L. S.; Couri, M. S.; Aguiar-Coelho, V. M. Development of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), using different densities of parasitoid. Biota Neotrop., vol. 8, no. 1, Jan./Mar. 2008. Available from: . Abstract:The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) were studied. Different densities of the parasitoid were used (proportions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) with exposition of 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The post-embryonic period was significantly shorter in the proportion of 2:1 (13,73 days) and longer in the relation of 5:1. The peaks of emergence occurred in the 14 th day after the exposition of the parasitoid to the host in all relations, except for the relation of 4:1(13 rd day). The productivity of N. vitripennis does not vary significantly among the different proportions. As the number of parasitoids grows, its post-embryonic development gets slower and the sexual ratio of males grows up. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the host was exposed to five parasitoids. Resumo: O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) foram estudadas. Diferentes densidades do parasitóide foram utilizadas (proporções 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1) com exposição de 72 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio cobertos com algodão hidrofóbico, contendo uma pupa hospedeira. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras de pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram utilizadas como controle. O período pós-embrionário foi significativamente mais curto na proporção 2:1 (13,73 dias) e mais longo na relação 5:1. Os picos de emergência ocorreram no 14º dia após a exposição do parasitóide ao hospedeiro para todas as relações, com exceção da relação 4:1(13º dia). A produtividade de N. vitripennis não variou significativamente entre as diferentes proporções. Conforme o número de parasitóides aumentou foi observado ...

Kempnyia couriae sp. nov. is described from specimens (male, female, and nymphs) collected in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the male penial armature, having an elongate gonopore, surpassing the hooks, hooks with penial apex forming a globular membranous structure, and by ventrally curved hooks. Females and a nymph were associated with males using DNA barcoding.

This study evaluated the variability in the production of an HIV-1 antiviral diterpene in individuals of Dictyota menstrualis throughout reproductive stages. The brown alga Dictyota has an isomorphic biphasic life cycle. The quantification of the active principle by GC-FID indicated a greater production of the diterpene in the female gametophytic phase (42.11 ppm). However, these individuals had the highest variation between individuals (standard deviation of 68.20 ppm in the range from 0.39 to 227 ppm). Sporophytic individuals showed less variability. This variability in the production of the antiviral diterpene is important to the development of future antiviral drugs.

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Philornis larvae and pupae were collected in nestlings of Neothraupis fasciata (Lichtenstein), the White-banded Tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae), in three breeding seasons, between October and November 2003‑2005 in a reserve in central Brazil. Here, we present biological data, diagnosis to the recognition of the species and a key to the segregation of species occurring in the Cerrado. The larvae were intradermic in the nestlings and the pupae were collected in the nests after the birds have abandoned them. The immatures collected were taken to the laboratory and reared under laboratory conditions, until emergence. The species identified as Philornis torquans (Nielsen), is here firstly recorded from the Brazilian Cerrado, and firstly recorded its association with N. fasciata. With this record, the number of Philornis species occurring in the Cerrado rises to three.