Causas e conseqüências físicas e emocionais do término de carreira esportiva

Abstract

Introdução: Os atletas de alto rendimento, em determinado momento, se defrontam com o término de carreira esportiva, um processo crucial e inevitável, com exigências de ajustamentos nas esferas da vida ocupacional, financeira, social e psicológica e, que, portanto, pode ser acompanhado por distress emocional. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar como ex-atletas brasileiros de alto nível de basquetebol e futebol profissional experienciaram a aposentadoria da carreira esportiva, suas causas e conseqüências físicas e emocionais. Métodos: Para tanto, foram avaliados 79 ex-atletas de alto nível, do sexo masculino, que pertenciam a duas modalidades esportivas: futebol (N = 57) e basquetebol (N = 22), com média de idade de 51,75 ± 8,85 anos. O tempo de prática como atleta profissional foi de 18,22 ± 4,66 anos e o término da carreira esportiva ocorreu em média aos 34,36 ± 4,42 anos. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada; os dados foram analisados pela freqüência de ocorrência de respostas para cada item da entrevista. Resultados: Observou-se que, para 75,9% dos atletas, a decisão de encerrar a carreira foi espontânea. A idade (49,4%) e outros interesses emergentes (43,0%) foram as principais causas da aposentadoria. Os sentimentos vivenciados nesse momento foram de tristeza (50,6%) e de conformismo (36,7%). Para 43% dos ex-atletas a condição física piorou após o término da carreira. Conclusões: Os autores concluem que, apesar de os atletas terem experienciado uma carreira esportiva longa, o momento de se aposentar no esporte trouxe sentimentos de tristeza. Por outro lado, a idade é um limitador para a carreira esportiva e reconhecer isso levou ao conformismo.Palavras-chave: aposentadoria, esportes/psicologia, futebol, basquetebol. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Elite athletes will have to face sport career termination sooner or later, and this is a crucial and inevitable process that brings about changes in the occupational, financial, social and psychological spheres of their lives, which can be followed by emotional distress. Objective: The present study had the aim to research how former Brazilian basketball and professional soccer players have experienced retirement in sports career as well as its causes and consequences. Material and Methods: 79 former elite male athletes (soccer and basketball players) with mean age of 51.75 ± 8.85 years old were assessed. They have been professional athletes for 18.22 ± 4.66 years and had their career termination at about 34.36 ± 4.42 years. A semi-structured interview frame was used and the data were analyzed according to the answers frequency of occurrence for each interview item. Results: It was observed that for 75.9% of these athletes the retirement from sport was their own choice. Age (49.4%) and appearance of other interests (43.0%) were the most frequent reasons related to the retirement. However, they have experienced feelings of sadness (50.6%) and resignation (36.7%) and 43% of the former athletes have experienced worsening in their physical condition ...

Transições no processo de desenvolvimento de atletas do basquetebol feminino

“…However, the transition period can turn into crisis if the athlete is not able to manage the demands of transition, which can request assistance or psychological intervention 1 . The analysis of investigations around the transitions present in the athletic development demonstrated the authors' recent initiative to address this issue in national reality 3,10 , which reinforces the socialized literature by international studies conducted over the past two decades 7,[11][12][13][14][15][16] and indicates the relevance of the phenomenon studied for understanding the sports development process. erefore, this study aims to investigate the transitions present in the development of athletes belonging to a prominent club in the formation of women's basketball players, in order to understand the phenomenon and contribute to the expansion of studies on the subject.…”

“…Nonnormative transitions, in turn, are less predictable, because they occur unexpectedly and therefore are characterized as harder to deal with 1,[5][6] . In sports, while non-normative transitions correspond to transitions caused by factors such as injury, overtraining, changing teams, clubs, coaches or teammates 1,6 , normative transitions include transitions for early sport specialization, for intensive training, from basic categories to the adult category, or even from amateur sport to professional and from active career to sport retirement, which has speci c characteristics that require some kind of adjustment from the athletes 1,3,[6][7][8] . Non sporting transitions, in turn, require that athletes learn to cope with changes in psychological level (passage from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood), psychosocial (signi cant changes in social agents as they mature), academic or professional (educational and vocational changes) 2,7,9 .…”

“…Finally, the fourth signi cant change implied to also consider macro social factors (sports and cultural systems) in this process [1][2] . From this point of view, it is reasonable to assume that sporting career -composed by successive phases with remarkable transitions between each one of them -comes along with changes in psychological and social characteristics, as well as with the need for athletes to enjoy resources and strategies to deal more e ectively with each one of them 3 .…”

Escolha Ou Imposição? Estudo De Caso Sobre O Abandono Da Carreira De Atleta

“…A etimologia da palavra carreira varia do latim via carreria, que significa passagem, portanto, carreira é uma constante passagem e construção, almejando um objetivo de conquista traçado pelo profissional (AGRESTA, BRANDÃO e BARROS NETO, 2008).…”

Fases de transição da carreira esportiva: perspectiva de ex-atletas profissionais do futebol brasileiro

“…Utilizando este tipo de método de estudo é possível avaliar as características da transição que incluem a duração da carreira esportiva, as mudanças de posição social, o grau de estresse, os desafios enfrentados e a percepção de estresse no momento de transição. 9 Estudar as causas que levam os atletas a se retirarem do esporte é de relevância fundamental para a compreensão de como se conduz o processo de transição da carreira esportiva e a reinserção desse indivíduo na sociedade, além de ser fundamental para minimizar os efeitos e transtornos causados pelo término da carreira.…”