Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis

Abstract

High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of High mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis.The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1 , IL-6, IL-8, TNF-and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy-PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA.HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1 , IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines.To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.

Could cytokine levels in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid be used to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri‐implantitis? A systematic review

“…Thus, the initial search provided 26 full‐text publications, which were comprehensively evaluated. Of these 26 papers, nine studies were excluded because they did not match the inclusion/exclusion criteria or had unclear information (Table ). Seventeen studies were then included, based on the electronic search and one study was subsequently included based on the manual search.…”

Butyrate rather than LPS subverts gingival epithelial homeostasis by downregulation of intercellular junctions and triggering pyroptosis

“…These endogenous components, including high‐mobility group box 1, ATP, S100 protein, heat shock protein and IL‐1 family proteins, served as alarmins and damage‐associated molecular patterns, are highly pro‐inflammatory in the extracellular milieu and are involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses through the activation of pattern recognition receptors on host cells (Brydges et al, ; Chen & Nunez, ). According to previous studies, elevated level of extracellular high‐mobility group box 1, ATP, S100 protein and heat shock protein becomes the focus of attention in periodontitis (Binderman, Gadban, & Yaffe, ; Nethravathy, Alamelu, Arun, & Kumar, ; Sun et al, ; Tsybikov, Baranov, Kuznik, Malezhik, & Isakova, ; Xie, Deng, Gong, Ding, & Tang, ). Caspase‐3 rather than caspase‐1 is activated in the pyroptotic cell death aroused by butyrate, so IL‐1β and IL‐18 are not upregulated.…”

Expression of β‑catenin and MMP‑8 in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue indicates the disease severity of patients with chronic periodontitis

“…Teeth affected by severe and progressive periodontitis that were selected for the present study required extraction. Control specimens were collected during impacted third molar extraction surgery according to previous studies (29,30).…”