The potential inhibitory effect of cuminum cyminum, ziziphora clinopodioides and nigella sativa essential oils on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

The goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of Cuminum cyminum, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Nigella sativa essential oils to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus and to evoke ultrastructural changes. The fungi were cultured into RPMI 1640 media in the presence of oils at concentrations of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth microdilution and 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth macrodilution methods with shaking for 48 h at 28 o C. Conidial and mycelial samples exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg essential oils/ml for 5 days in 2% yeast extract granulated plus 15%Saccharose media were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on broth dilution methods, C. cyminum and to a lesser extent Z. clinopodioides oils exhibited the strongest activity against A.fumigatus and A. flavus with MIC 90 ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 mg/ml, while the oil from N. sativa exhibited relatively moderate activity against two above fungi with MIC 90 ranging from 1.5 to 2 mg/ml. The main changes observed by TEM were in the cell wall, plasma membrane and membranous organelles; in particular, in the nuclei and mitochondria. These modifications in fungal structure were associated with the interference of the essential oils with the enzymes responsible for cell wall synthesis, which disturbed normal growth. Moreover, the essential oils caused high vacuolation of the cytoplasm, detachment of fibrillar layer of cell wall, plasma membrane disruption and disorganization of the nuclear and mitochondrial structures. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus growth inhibition induced by these oils were found to be well-correlated with subsequent morphological changes of the fungi exposed to different fungistatic concentrations of the oils. Our results show the anti-Aspergillus activities of C. cyminum, Z. clinopodioides and N. sativa essential oils, which strengthens the potential use of these substances as anti-mould in the future.

Anti- Candida zeylanoides activity of some Iranian plants used in traditional medicine

“…In addition, the antifungal activities of the oils of Z. clinopodioides [5] and N. sativa [22] were tested against different pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. Khosravi et al [19] showed that Z. clinopodioides EO exhibited to some extent strong activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus while the oil from N. sativa exhibited relatively moderate activity against two above fungi. The discrepancy of size of inhibition zones might be influenced by volatilization of antimicrobial substances, disk size, amount of compound added to disk, adsorption by the disk, type of agar, agar strength, pH, volume of agar, and microbial strains used [28].…”

“…Trans anthol (39%) and r-cymene (17%) were identified from N. sativa oil. The GC/Ms results of Z. clinopodiodes [19] and H. persicum were found to be pulegone (37%) and aperitone (19.6%), and hexyl butyrate (30.2%) and octyl acetate (12.8%), respectively. In general, the cytotoxic activity of the EOs is mostly due to the presence of phenols such as thymol and carvacrol, terpens such as a-pinene, r-cymene and pulegone, and alcohols such as trans anthol, linalool and citronellol [4,7,32].…”

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Cuminum cyminum L. collected in different areas of Morocco

“…The steam distillation of C. cyminum gives an essential oil (EO) which is recognized as an interesting source of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidants components which might be used as potent agents in food preservation and for therapeutic or nutraceutical industries (Hajlaoui et al, 2010;Khosravi et al, 2011). Several reports have fo-cused on the antimicrobial efficacy of C. cyminum EO (from now, CEO) against diverse species of bacteria, fungi and yeast, both pathogens and non-pathogens (Kivanç, Akgül, & Doǧan, 1991;Mekawey, Mokhtar, & Farrag, 2009;Naeini, Jalayer Naderi, & Shokri, 2014).…”

Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Effects of Trachyspermum ammi Essential Oil

“…In recent years, development of antibiotic resistance and negative consumer perception about possible toxicity and other side effects of chemical preservatives shift attentions toward natural alternatives. Many researchers have shown that secondary plant metabolites, such as essential oils (EOs), can exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant effects (Carmo and Souza 2010;Gandomi et al 2009;Khosravi et al 2011;Pires et al 2011). These properties are due to the many active phytochemicals including flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, coumarins and curcumines (Koleva andVanbeek 2001, Singh et al 2004).…”