Culturable fungal diversity of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei boone from breeding farms in Brazil

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei, which is the most common shrimp species cultivated in the northeast of Brazil, is very susceptible to microbial diseases, and this consequently affects productivity. There are reports of bacteria, viruses and protozoa in these shrimp, but not fungi. This study aims to isolate and identify fungi present in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and in their nursery waters, at two breeding farms in Brazil. The pathogenic potential of the isolates was assessed through the qualitative detection of proteases and aflatoxin B production. The 146 isolated fungi comprised 46 species. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Furarium were the three most relevant genera and Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species with a total of 33 isolates. Most of the isolated species are known as potentially pathogenic to humans and other animals. Eighteen isolates of A. flavus and two of A. parasiticus were able to produce aflatoxin B and 33 out of the 46 species produced protease, indicating that these fungi may also become pathogenic to shrimp and their consumers.

The Effect of Disease and Season to Hepatopancreas and Intestinal Mycobiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

“…A previous culture-dependent study showed that the most primary fungal taxa in Pacific white shrimp were Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Fusarium (da Silva et al, 2011), and the presence of Penicillium was verified afterwards in another culture-based study (Laich and Andrade, 2016). Unexpectedly, in our study, Penicillium species were not found in the intestine or the hepatopancreas.…”

“…However, the fungal community, as the most influential population in the gut eukaryotic microbiota, has not been clearly explored due to the insufficiency of sequencing depth in that study. In addition, a culture-based study found that there were various fungal pathogens in the body of the Pacific white shrimp (da Silva et al, 2011; Karthikeyan et al, 2015), which may influence the health status of the farmed shrimp. However, the number of fungi that can be cultured were limited (Huffnagle and Noverr, 2013), and the interspecies ecological interaction that existed inside the digestive tract has also barely been detected based on the conventional culture-dependent method.…”

Effect of Biofloc product‐Rapid BFT TM vs. clear water system in improving the water quality and growth performances of Pacific Whiteleg shrimp, P. vannamei , cultured in indoor aquaculture system

“…The mortality from the aflatoxin of fungi contamination in the feed would bring to the low production of shrimp and causes the economic losses (Bintvihok et al 2003). Meanwhile, another study conducted by Da Silva et al (2011) found out that Aspergillus flavus and A . parasiticus isolated from the shrimp L .…”

A unique fungal strain collection from Vietnam characterized for high performance degraders of bioecological important biopolymers and lipids

“…Interestingly, four strains ( Humicola , Aspergillus section Fumigati and two strains Aspergillus section Flavi ) with high chitinase activity originated from habitats such as wood, fruits and soil. Fungal chitinases are described from different Aspergillus , Penicillium and Fusarium species as well [ 53 – 55 ]. We did not isolate Trichoderma strains with high chitinase activity, as shown by previous studies [ 53 , 54 ], however the Trichoderma from this collection strains were isolated from rice straw and wood, exhibit a xylanase and cellulase activity of 0.58 U/mg and 0.022 U/mg, respectively.…”