Effect of Biofloc product‐Rapid BFT ^TM vs. clear water system in improving the water quality and growth performances of Pacific Whiteleg shrimp, P. vannamei , cultured in indoor aquaculture system

Abstract

Biofloc technology was known to improve the shrimp growth performance and water quality in several ways. The application of bacterial booster was proven to accelerate the development of biofloc in the culture treatments as well as help improve the water quality, shrimp growth performance and yield production. Due to its importance, a study was conducted to identify the effect of biofloc application using Rapid BFTTM microbial booster formulation versus clear water system to improve shrimp growth performance and water quality condition. Study was conducted for 80 days with every 7 days of interval of data collection. Overall, biofloc treatments were identified successfully in improving the shrimp growth performance and also effectively reduced the nutrient concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) from the biofloc culture treatments until the end of culture periods. Nitrate (NO3−) from biofloc treatments was also identified in lower concentration as compared to control of clear water system. The average daily growth (ADG) was at 0.12g much better from biofloc treatments as compared to control with ADG 0.08g of clear water system. The specific growth rate (SGR) was 5.47%/day in biofloc and 2.82%/day in control treatments which identified higher and much better from biofloc about 2.65%/day differences between biofloc and clear water. Meanwhile, the final body weight achieved was much higher from biofloc about 9.55 grams compared with control about 7.06 grams from the same day of culture, DOC80 which recorded at the end of cultured period. The first sampling was started at DOC7 where the average initial weight of shrimp in biofloc treatment was 0.117 grams and 0.077 grams identified in control. The highest biomass achieved from biofloc treatments also much better around 11.0 kg compared with control that produced 7.1 kg as the higher biomass produced. There was only yellow and green colony of Vibrio identified from the TCBS culture and no occurrence of luminescent colony from harmful Vibrio harveyi detected. Therefore, it can be concluded that biofloc technology of Rapid BFTTM help improves the water quality of ammonia nitrogen level in water columns and inhibits pathogenic Vibrio to the culture species as well as help improving the shrimp growth performances in more effective way.

16S rRNA sequences of Exiguobacterium spp. bacteria dominant in a biofloc pond cultured with whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

“…To overcome this problem, biofloc technology has been introduced to increase aquaculture productivity using microbial biotechnology that can convert the toxic ammonia compounds into a useful product known as biofloc (Jamal et al, 2020). Biofloc is a useful technology that is being applied in aquaculture systems to promote sustainable aquaculture and an environment with good water quality for the cultured farmed animals and the surroundings (Bossier & Ekasari, 2017; Kasan et al, 2021; Manan et al, 2020). Biofloc is a conglomeration of small particles that consist of bacteria, algae, protozoa, zooplankton, faeces and uneaten feed.…”

Swinging between the beneficial and harmful microbial community in biofloc technology: A paradox

“… Culture system Species Culture period References BFT CLW Temperature ( o C) 29.10 29.10 L. vannamei 55 days [ 30 ] 27.20 29.00 L. vannamei 80 days [ 31 ] 27.90 28.00 L. vannamei 48 days [ 32 ] 27.00 27.80 P. monodon 127 days [ 33 ] 26.20 26.50 L. vannamei 30 days [ 34 ] 26.20 26.40 M. japonicus 106 days [ 4 ] 26.50 26.60 P. satiferus 45 days [ 35 ] 23.12 23.39 L. vannamei 60 days [ 36 ] 32.30 32.00 F. indicus 120 days [ 37 ] …”

A metagenomic comparison of clearwater, probiotic, and Rapid BFTTM on Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei cultures

“…Although other methods such as the use of plant-based compounds as alternatives are being explored ( Wu et al, 2021 ), commercial P. vannamei farms are starting to incorporate biofloc technology systems (BFT) into their cultures in replacement of antibiotics ( Arias-Moscoso et al, 2018 ). BFT is being regarded as sustainable and green as it reduced the need for water exchange (up to zero water exchange is feasible) while still maintaining optimum water quality in super high intensity aquaculture systems of fish and crustacean species, including P. vannamei ( Ahmad et al, 2017 ; Kasan et al, 2021a ). By optimising the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, microbial community, especially heterotrophic bacteria, most of which have probiotic characteristics, proliferates in the presence of accumulated organic matter and nutrients within the optimum quantity.…”

“…As the underlying mechanisms of BFT remains unknown, it is essential to investigate the changes in bacterial community of cultured water column and the intestines of cultured organisms, as well as to compare with other beneficial bacteria-inducing method, i.e ., probiotics ( Liu et al, 2019 ). To achieve this, three treatments were used to culture P. vannamei in commercial farm, namely Rapid BFT TM (RBFT)—a biofloc-inducing inoculation developed by Kasan NA ( Kasan et al, 2021a ), commercial probiotic, and clearwater. The microbial community of water and intestines of P. vannamei were further characterised by targeting the shorter bacterial 16S V4 region or full 16S sequence.…”