The Effect of Disease and Season to Hepatopancreas and Intestinal Mycobiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Increasing evidence has manifested that the gut bacterial microbiota of shrimps is closely related to the environmental factors, host developmental stage and health status like that of humans and animals does. These studies have provided an important guidance for improving shrimp culture benefits. In practice, aside from bacteria, eukaryotic microorganisms dominated by fungal microbiota (mycobiota), also play a key role in host growth, metabolism and homeostasis. However, little so far is known about the mycobiota in the digestive tract of shrimp. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 1 region to characterize the hepatopancreas and intestinal mycobiota of Pacific white shrimp and their connections with disease incidence and seasonal variation. The results showed that the hepatopancreas and intestinal mycobiota of Litopenaeus vannamei are dominated by the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the genera Alternaria , Tuber , Hortaea , Sarocladium , and Stagonospora . The fungal microbiota significantly varies under the influence of disease and seasonal variation. Sick shrimps had a higher level of potential pathogenic fungus, Candida in the intestine. Healthy shrimps had a higher abundance of the genera Didymella and Filobasidium in the gut, and Pyrenochaetopsis in the hepatopancreas. Of note, most of the fungi carried by Pacific white shrimps were pathogens to humans. This study has revealed the intestinal and hepatopancreas mycobiota of L. vannamei and the effects of diseases and seasonal variation to the mycobiota. Our study provides important guidance for Pacific white shrimp farming and sheds further insight on the fungal microbiota.

Gut bacterial community profile in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following 5‐aminolevulinic acid supplementation

“…Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) is currently the most economically important farmed crustacean, contributing around 53% of the total crustacean production worldwide (FAO, 2018). However, some regions continue to suffer economic losses due to various infectious diseases (Li, Jiang, Li, Zhang, & Chen, 2019). Generally, antibiotics are effective prophylactic and control agents in shrimp aquaculture; however, the rise of antibiotic resistance and build‐up of antibiotic residues in both the products and the environment are becoming global concerns (Romero, Feijoó, & Navarrete, 2012).…”

Longitudinal variations in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The digestive tract fraction supports different microbial communities that are driven by distinct metabolic processes ( Nielsen et al, 2017 ). The shrimp gut is a long digestive structure that includes the Foregut (stomach), Midgut (hepatopancreas) and Hindgut (intestine), being the intestine, the most studied fraction ( Cornejo-Granados et al, 2018 ; Gao et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019 ). Each component has different structural and digestive roles, including absorption, digestion and excretion.…”

“…Results revealed distinct bacterial composition in the hepatopancreas concerning the gut during the gonadal development. The mycobiota in the shrimp digestive tract was evaluated, registering a high diversity and a taxonomic correspondence to the type of organ (gut or hepatopancreas) ( Li et al, 2019 ). Tzuc et al (2014) isolated Vibrio strains from the shrimp stomach, hepatopancreas, and intestine ( L. vannamei ).…”

Isolation of Weissella cibaria from Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Gastrointestinal Tract and Evaluation of Its Pathogenic Bacterial Inhibition

“…Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is the most popular shrimp species due to their survival advantages such as fast growth rate and strong adaptability to the environment [1]. The shrimp is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, China, India, the United States of America, Mexico, and Latin America, yielding more than 4 million tons in 2016 [2].…”

“…The shrimp is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, China, India, the United States of America, Mexico, and Latin America, yielding more than 4 million tons in 2016 [2]. However, high frequency of diseases has severely influenced the shrimp farming [1].…”