The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum secretes an EDTA-sensitive alkaline phosphatase on high-phosphate medium

Ferreira-Nozawa, Monica S.; Nozawa, Shiro; Martinez-Rossi, Nilce M.; Rossi, Antônio

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822003000200014

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The initial pH of the T. rubrum cultures increased from 5.0 to a pH that ranged from 8.3 to 8.9 after 72–96 h of incubation in glycine or keratin. This effect was not observed when the fungus was cultivated with glucose as the carbon source, and the pH was maintained at approximately 5.0 [28,29]. Hydrolysis of keratin and other proteins releases amino acids, such as glycine, whose metabolism leads to the secretion of ammonia, thereby shifting the pH of the culture from acidic to alkaline [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect was not observed when the fungus was cultivated with glucose as the carbon source, and the pH was maintained at approximately 5.0 [28,29]. Hydrolysis of keratin and other proteins releases amino acids, such as glycine, whose metabolism leads to the secretion of ammonia, thereby shifting the pH of the culture from acidic to alkaline [28]. Therefore, the metabolism of both glycine and keratin at pH 5.0 were alkalinizing events [28,29], even though the culture pH was still acidic after 24 h of incubation in glycine or keratin (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcription of N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferase genes is modulated by the pacC gene in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Mendes¹,

Trevisan²,

Cruz³

et al. 2012

FEBS Open Bio

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In fungi, ambient pH sensing involves the activation of the Pal/PacC signalling pathway. In the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, pH-dependent secretion of keratinases, which are major virulence determinants, is affected by disruption of the pacC gene. Here, the transcription profiling of the genes coding for N- and O-linked mannosyltransferases, enzymes involved in protein glycosylation, was evaluated in T. rubrum in response to disruption of the pacC gene and growth in keratin, glucose, and glucose plus glycine. We show that transcription of these mannosyltransferase genes is affected by nutrients at acidic pH and by PacC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferase genes is modulated by the pacC gene in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Mendes¹,

Trevisan²,

Cruz³

et al. 2012

FEBS Open Bio

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“…The hydrolysis of skin proteins releases amino acids such as glycine, the metabolism of which shifts the extracellular pH from acidic to alkaline values [8]. This effect is required for the growth and maintenance of the dermatophyte in the host [7-9,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling reveals the expression of novel genes in response to various stimuli in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

et al. 2010

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BackgroundCutaneous mycoses are common human infections among healthy and immunocompromised hosts, and the anthropophilic fungus Trichophyton rubrum is the most prevalent microorganism isolated from such clinical cases worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the transcriptional profile of T. rubrum exposed to various stimuli in order to obtain insights into the responses of this pathogen to different environmental challenges. Therefore, we generated an expressed sequence tag (EST) collection by constructing one cDNA library and nine suppression subtractive hybridization libraries.ResultsThe 1388 unigenes identified in this study were functionally classified based on the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) categories. The identified proteins were involved in transcriptional regulation, cellular defense and stress, protein degradation, signaling, transport, and secretion, among other functions. Analysis of these unigenes revealed 575 T. rubrum sequences that had not been previously deposited in public databases.ConclusionIn this study, we identified novel T. rubrum genes that will be useful for ORF prediction in genome sequencing and facilitating functional genome analysis. Annotation of these expressed genes revealed metabolic adaptations of T. rubrum to carbon sources, ambient pH shifts, and various antifungal drugs used in medical practice. Furthermore, challenging T. rubrum with cytotoxic drugs and ambient pH shifts extended our understanding of the molecular events possibly involved in the infectious process and resistance to antifungal drugs.

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“…The hydrolysis of skin proteins will lead to a secretion of ammonia shifting the extracellular pH towards alkaline. This has also been shown in vitro . A topical formulation that will diminish this shift from acidity to alkaline will therefore reduce the risk for T. rubrum infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effect of K101 Nail Solution on Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans growth and ultrastructure

Hultenby

Chryssanthou

Klingspor

et al. 2014

Mycoses

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Summary K101 Nail Solution (trademarks Emtrixâ, Nalox TM , Naloc TM ) is a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid in a topical formulation for the treatment of nails affected by onychomycosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the Minimal Cidal Concentration (MCC) of K101 Nail Solution against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans as well as the effect of K101 Nail Solution on the micromorphology of these fungi. The MCC of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans was 50% after 60-min exposure time. A MCC of 50% for K101 Nail Solution means that K101 Nail Solution diluted with e.g. water to 50% will totally kill the fungi tested. In the scanning electron microscope C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution, showed a shrunken surface. T. rubrum cells were severely damaged shown as collapse and degradation of the cells. In the transmission electron microscope most C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution exhibited destroyed organelles and many necrotic cells were found. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the contact between the cell wall and the inner membrane was punctured. In T. rubrum most cells were necrotic. Some cells were clearly collapsed and the content in the cytoplasm was degraded shown as small membrane vesicles and many big vacuoles. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the membrane was punctured. In conclusion, this in vitro study documents the efficacy of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans.

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The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum secretes an EDTA-sensitive alkaline phosphatase on high-phosphate medium

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Transcription of N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferase genes is modulated by the pacC gene in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Transcription of N‐ and O‐linked mannosyltransferase genes is modulated by the pacC gene in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Transcriptional profiling reveals the expression of novel genes in response to various stimuli in the human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

The effect of K101 Nail Solution on Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans growth and ultrastructure

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