The effect of K101 Nail Solution on Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans growth and ultrastructure

Abstract

Summary K101 Nail Solution (trademarks Emtrixâ, Nalox TM , Naloc TM ) is a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid in a topical formulation for the treatment of nails affected by onychomycosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the Minimal Cidal Concentration (MCC) of K101 Nail Solution against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans as well as the effect of K101 Nail Solution on the micromorphology of these fungi. The MCC of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans was 50% after 60-min exposure time. A MCC of 50% for K101 Nail Solution means that K101 Nail Solution diluted with e.g. water to 50% will totally kill the fungi tested. In the scanning electron microscope C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution, showed a shrunken surface. T. rubrum cells were severely damaged shown as collapse and degradation of the cells. In the transmission electron microscope most C. albicans cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution exhibited destroyed organelles and many necrotic cells were found. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the contact between the cell wall and the inner membrane was punctured. In T. rubrum most cells were necrotic. Some cells were clearly collapsed and the content in the cytoplasm was degraded shown as small membrane vesicles and many big vacuoles. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the membrane was punctured. In conclusion, this in vitro study documents the efficacy of K101 Nail Solution against T. rubrum and C. albicans.

Amorolfine 5% Nail Lacquer Exhibits Potent Antifungal Activity Compared to Three Acid-Based Devices Indicated for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: An In Vitro Nail Penetration Assay

“…The role of acidity (low pH) in the pathogenesis of dermatophytes is complex [ 13 ]. Transmission electron microscopy has shown that many fungal cells were necrotic when T. rubrum or Candida albicans was treated for 60 min in direct contact with 50% K101 nail solution (Moberg Pharma, Bromma, Sweden), a topical formulation of pH 4 containing 50 g propylene glycol, 15 g lactic acid and 10 g urea [ 14 ]. The most prominent changes were observed with T. rubrum ; the cell wall was clearly damaged, the membrane was disrupted and the content in the cytoplasm was degraded.…”

Miconazole-Urea in a Buccal Film as a New Trend for Treatment of Resistant Mouth Fungal White Patches

“…Furthermore, farnesol modulated the morphogenesis of C. albicans through a downregulation of Saps 2, 4, 5, and 6 expressions (Décanis et al, 2011). However, Hultenby et al (2014) reported that treatment of C. albicans with a mixture of propylene glycol, lactic acid and urea resulted in certain ultrastructural changes but without a specific mode of action.…”

Sensitivity ofCandida albicansto essential oils: are they an alternative to antifungal agents?

“…; Hultenby et al . ), assessing the morphology of untreated cells or of cells exposed to antifungal drugs. Oregano essential oil affected mainly the cell wall and the membranes of the yeast.…”