Determination of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosables substances in rubber teats and sothers by GC-TEA

Vieira, E. R.; Pierozan, Nilso José; Lovison, Viviane

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132006000200012

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…[2][3][4] N-nitrosamine compounds, which are known as genotoxic and carcinogenic are formed by the reaction of a substance containing secondary amine groups and a nitrosating agent derived from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx). 2,[5][6][7] Nitrosamine formation in rubber articles is mainly due to the use of nitrogen-containing accelerators of vulcanization. 8 Most of the traditional accelerators such as thiurams, dithiocarbamates, some sulphenamides, and sulfur donors are capable of nitrosation during, and after, vulcanization in the presence of nitrosating agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide as a potential accelerator in efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber compounds

Samarasinghe

Walpalage

Edirisinghe

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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With the emerging concerns on the use of nitrosamine evolving accelerators, safer alternatives are desirable for the rubber industry. In the present study, cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties, crosslink density, aging, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of vulcanizates prepared with two nitrosamine safe binary accelerator systems containing diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXP) and tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD), and DIXP and dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (ZBeC) were investigated for efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) compounds. Synergistic effect in both cure and physicomechanical properties was observed for all the combinations of the two accelerator systems. The composition containing DIXP with a lower loading (0.6 phr) of TBzTD, and ZBeC, demonstrated the highest technological performance. Retention of tensile properties on oxidative aging was highest for the vulcanizate prepared with DIXP/TBzTD (1.4/0.6). Dynamic mechanical and thermogravimetric analysis further confirmed the crosslink density and thermal stability of the network structure of the binary systems. In overall, DIXP shows the potential to be used as a safer accelerator in the manufacture of appropriate dry NR-based rubber products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide as a potential accelerator in efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber compounds

Samarasinghe

Walpalage

Edirisinghe

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Human exposure to nitrosamines in the rubber industry has been a matter of concern in recent years with the presence of N-nitrosamines in vulcanized rubber products (Blackley, 2012). N-nitroso compounds, which are known as genotoxic and carcinogenic (Fishbein, 2011;Vieira et al, 2006;Iavicoli and Carelli, 2006) are formed by the reaction of a substance containing secondary amine groups and a nitrosating agent derived from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) or nitrite as shown in the Fig. 1 (Goss et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide accelerator on cure and static mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds

Samarasinghe

Edirisinghe

Walpalage

et al. 2019

J Rubber Res Inst Sri Lanka

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Sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) is mainly carried out with the use of accelerators in order to achieve desired network structure and consequently the specific material properties. Many traditional organic accelerators are made from secondary amines and are capable of nitrosation during and after vulcanization in the presence of nitrosating agents. Therefore, the use of most of the nitrosamine generating traditional accelerators in rubber formulations are restricted by stringent rules and regulations imposed by world environmental and health-related government agencies. Diisopropyl Xanthogen Polysulfide (DIXP) has been identified as a nitrosamine safe novel accelerator and literature on use of this accelerator in natural rubber compounds is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of DIXP on cure and static mechanical properties of NR compounds. A series of NR compounds was prepared with DIXP by varying the accelerator dosage from 0.2 phr to 2.2 phr at 0.4 phr intervals. Cure and static mechanical properties of the compounds were evaluated and compared with those of the compounds prepared with the commonly used nitrosamine safe N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS) accelerator. Results showed that most of the properties of NR compounds prepared with DIXP are inferior in comparison to those of the compounds prepared with TBBS. Nevertheless, NR compounds prepared with DIXP possessed satisfactory results in regard to optimum cure time and elongation at break.

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“…Nitrosamines are found in rubber articles that are vulcanised with very common traditional accelerators such as tetra methyl thiuram disulphide (TMTD) [4]. These vulcanisates have been tested positive as mutagens and are carcinogenic [4,5]. Other accelerators and sulphur donors that form hazardous nitrosamines are tetra methyl thiuram monosulphide (TMTM), N-oxydiethylene dithiocarbamyl N l -oxydiethylene sulphenamide (OTOS) and N-oxydiethylene -2-benzothiazole sulphenamide (MBS) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Non-regulated Safe Binary Accelerator System for Efficient Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber

Abhitha

Kurian

et al. 2013

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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Nitrosamines (NA) reported to be found in rubber products vulcanized using conventional accelerators such as tetramethylthiuramdisulphide (TMTD) are carcinogenic. Tetra benzyl thiuramdisulphide (TBzTD) has been used in an efficient vulcanisation (EV) system to prepare rubber vulcanisates having properties comparable to the vulcanisate prepared using TMTD. TBzTD is reported to be non regulated and safe. The compound containing TBzTD shows better scorch safety. The novel safe vulcanisate shows comparable mechanical properties, crosslink density and improved aging resistance.

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Determination of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosables substances in rubber teats and sothers by GC-TEA

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

The use of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide as a potential accelerator in efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber compounds

The use of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide as a potential accelerator in efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber compounds

Effect of nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide accelerator on cure and static mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds

Studies on Non-regulated Safe Binary Accelerator System for Efficient Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber

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