Rubber ferrite composites (RFC) are important since they have useful applications as microwave absorbers and flexible magnets. The mouldability of these composites into complex shapes is another advantage. The evaluation of their dielectric and magnetic properties is important in understanding the physical properties of these composites. Pre-characterized nickel zinc ferrites (Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 where 0 x1 in steps of 0.2) prepared by ceramic techniques were incorporated in to a butyl rubber matrix according to a specific recipe to yield RFCs. The dielectric constant of ceramic Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 and the butyl rubber composites incorporated with Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 are studied as a function of frequency, composition, loading and temperature. The observed data indicates that the dependence of the dielectric constant on frequency follows Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The compositional (zinc content, i.e. x value) dependence shows that the dielectric constant increases initially and reaches a maximum value for the composition corresponding to x = 0.6 and thereafter it decreases. This can be explained on the basis of porosity and alternating current (AC) conductivity. It was also observed that the dielectric constant of the composite material increases with an increase of the volume fraction of the magnetic filler. These observations satisfy some mixture equations, which correlate the dielectric constant of the matrix, filler and the composites. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the ceramic samples as well as the RFCs shows an increase with an increase of temperature at low frequencies. The dielectric constant of the blank butyl rubber was also determined. It was observed that for a blank sample (without filler) the dielectric constant decreases with an increase of temperature. This is due to the decrease in polymer density with increase in temperature. These results suggest that the magnetic and dielectric properties of RFCs can be manipulated by appropriate loading and a judicious choice of the magnetic filler. The modification of these properties will aid in the design of composite materials for microwave absorbers.

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The effect of frequency, composition and temperature on the a.c. electrical conductivity were studied for the ceramic, Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 , as well as the filler (Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4) incorporated rubber ferrite composites (RFCs). Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 (where x varies from 0 to 1 in steps of 0⋅ ⋅2) were prepared by usual ceramic techniques. They were then incorporated into a butyl rubber matrix according to a specific recipe. The a.c. electrical conductivity (σ σ a.c.) calculations were carried out by using the data available from dielectric measurements and by employing a simple relationship. The a.c. conductivity values were found to be of the order of 10-3 S/m. Analysis of the results shows that σ σ a.c. increases with increase of frequency and the change is same for both ceramic Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 and RFCs. σ σ a.c. increases initially with the increase of zinc content and then decreases with increase of zinc. Same behaviour is observed for RFCs too. The dependence of σ σ a.c. on the volume fraction of the magnetic filler was also studied and it was found that the a.c. conductivity of RFCs increases with increase of volume fraction of the magnetic filler. Temperature dependence of conductivity was studied for both ceramic and rubber ferrite composites. Conductivity shows a linear dependence with temperature in the case of ceramic samples.

Composite magnetic materials have the unique advantage of property modification for tailoring devices for various applications. Rubber ferrite composites (RFCs) prepared by incorporating ferrites in rubber matrixes have the advantage of easy mouldability and flexibility. RFCs containing various loadings of nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) (Ni 1 À x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ) in a natural rubber matrix have been prepared. The cure characteristics and the mechanical properties of these composites were evaluated. The effect of loading on the cure characteristics and tensile properties were also evaluated. It is found that the loading dependence on the cure time and mechanical properties exhibit an identical pattern. D

Natural rubber latex layered clay nanocomposites were prepared with low loadings of nanoclay using conventional compounding technique. A higher loading of clay resulted in processing difficulties due to viscosity build up. X-ray analysis showed that nanocomposites in which layered silicate layers were either delaminated or ordered as in an intercalated structure was obtained. Partially exfoliated structure was observed from TEM photographs of nanocomposites with 3 phr nanoclay. The transport properties, sorption, diffusion, and permeation coefficients were measured using the solvent toluene at 303 K. A higher decrease for the diffusion coefficient for nanocomposites directs the presence of tortuous path for the diffusing molecules. Thermodynamic parameters show a better compatibility for the silicates with rubber resulted in the formation of an elastomeric network. Gas permeability results of the nanocomposites suggest a better barrier resistance for oxygen molecules even in lower loading of nanoclay and different gas transport models (Nielsen, Bharadwaj, Cussler) were applied to describe the behavior of these nanocomposites.

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