Emergências psiquiátricas na infância e adolescência

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence ranges between 10% and 15%. The most frequent causes requiring psychiatric emergency care at this age are behavioral disturbances, suicidal behavior, and depression. The objective of this study is to present the most relevant clinical issues and to guide the initial procedures in psychiatric emergency care in childhood and adolescence. Method: This was a non-systematic review. Results: Relevant clinical issues for the evaluation of children and adolescents in psychiatric emergency settings are presented. Clinical presentations are divided in relevant groups of symptoms according to their frequency and impact on patients and their families. The following syndromes are presented: aggressive behavior, intoxications, suicidal behavior, psychosis, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and abuse against children and adolescents. The initial procedures recommended for each of these conditions are described. Conclusion: Psychiatric emergencies in childhood and adolescence include relapse of pre-existing conditions and first episodes of psychiatric disorders. The objectives of emergency assessment are: establishment of the diagnosis, assessment of risks factors for the child/ adolescent, and identification of triggering and maintaining factors and of the presence of familiar and social support. Descriptors

Crianças e adolescentes usuários de substâncias no serviço de emergência psiquiátrica

“…(11) Some authors (2,12,13) report that consumption of substances has increased in recent years and that in the case of alcohol, emergency units have seen even more patients in the age range of our study with problems related to high consumptions of substances (overdose, alcoholic intoxication, wounds).…”

“…(1) The goal of emergency assessment is to identify risks, triggering and maintenance factors, and the presence of familial and social support, as well as to conduct a differential diagnosis. (2) Studies on use of psychiatric emergency services by young patients have emphasized that this sector can be the first and even a unique source of health-care for this population. (1,3,4) For this reason, such services must become well educated in substance consumption, risk behaviors, and medical and psychosocial consequences of substance use.…”

“…(1,3,5,6) The main cause of psychiatric emergency care among children and adolescents is aggressive behavior that has few specific signs (i.e., present in almost all psychiatric diagnoses). (1,2) On the other hand, abuse of or intoxication from substances is an important predictor of the use of psychiatric emergency services in this population. (1,7) For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe characteristics of adolescents who use psychiatric emergency service because of disturbance from substance use.…”

Saúde mental de crianças no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura

“…Constatou-se uma preocupação dos autores nesse sentido, investigando por exemplo o diagnóstico (Scivoletto & Tarelho, 2002;Versiani, Reis & Figueira, 2000), a avaliação de depressão em pré-escolares (Andriola & Cavalcante, 1999) e as características demográficas e sintomatologia da depressão em crianças (Bandim, Sougey & Carvalho, 1995).…”

Drogadição na Adolescência: Família como Fator de Risco ou Proteção

“…O abuso de álcool e drogas tem aumentado entre os adolescentes, conforme atendimentos em prontos-socorros, sendo que as substâncias que eles mais consomem são álcool, inalantes e cocaína, entre outras (Scivoletto, Boarati, & Turkiewicz, 2010). A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar identificou em 2009 que a experimentação de drogas ilícitas foi de 8,7% para o conjunto dos alunos pesquisados nas capitais brasileiras, já em 2012 foi de 9,9%, representando um ligeiro aumento (Brasil, 2013).…”