The impact of urban violence on mental health

Mari, Jair de Jesus; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de; Figueira, Ivan

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000300002

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Urban violence is an important and pervasive cause of human suffering, especially in the large population centers of the developing world [28]. Violent events, such as armed robbery, are very frequent in certain cities, and these episodes increase the risk of developing PTSD [29]. In fact, an epidemiologic study has revealed that being threatened with a weapon accounted for 32.6% of the risk of PTSD development in women [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Premotor Cortex Volume in Victims of Urban Violence with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2012

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BackgroundStudies addressing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have demonstrated that PTSD patients exhibit structural abnormalities in brain regions that relate to stress regulation and fear responses, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Premotor cortical areas are involved in preparing to respond to a threatening situation and in representing the peripersonal space. Urban violence is an important and pervasive cause of human suffering, especially in large urban centers in the developing world. Violent events, such as armed robbery, are very frequent in certain cities, and these episodes increase the risk of PTSD. Assaultive trauma is characterized by forceful invasion of the peripersonal space; therefore, could this traumatic event be associated with structural alteration of premotor areas in PTSD?Methodology/Principal FindingsStructural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from a sample of individuals that had been exposed to urban violence. This sample consisted of 16 PTSD patients and 16 age- and gender-matched controls. Psychometric questionnaires differentiated PTSD patients from trauma-exposed controls with regard to PTSD symptoms, affective, and resilience predispositions. Voxel-based morphometric analysis revealed that, compared with controls, the PTSD patients presented significant reductions in gray matter volume in the ventral premotor cortex and in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsVolume reduction in the premotor cortex that is observed in victims of urban violence with PTSD may be associated with a disruption in the dynamical modulation of the safe space around the body. The finding that PTSD patients presented a smaller volume of pregenual anterior cingulate cortex is consistent with the results of other PTSD neuroimaging studies that investigated different types of traumatic events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Premotor Cortex Volume in Victims of Urban Violence with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2012

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“…Nessa casa velha ali ficam um monte deles (pessoas usando drogas). Estudos nacionais têm mostrado relação entre esses aspectos e a saúde em um contexto de desigualdade social (14)(15) . Ambos constituem um conjunto amplo de fatores perigosos à saúde a serem superados com a participação dos serviços de saúde, tal como destacado nas conferências internacionais de promoção da saúde (11) .…”

Section: Necessidades De Proteção Social E Sobrevivênciaunclassified

Necessidades de vida de famílias: desafios para a estratégia saúde da família

2009

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RESUMO O presente estudo é de caráter descritivo-qualitativo e enfoca o discurso de famílias sobre o tema necessidades de vida. Objetiva-se analisar responsabilidades atribuídas por famílias à Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) ante as necessidades de vida relacionadas à saúde-doença. Participaram 40 membros de famílias de uma região de Cuiabá-MT, por meio de entrevistas abertas. Com base em Gramsci, os discursos são articulados à lógica predominante no setor saúde/atenção básica e às experiências e interpretações próprias dos grupos sociais. Encontraram-se referências a necessidades de sobrevivência e de proteção social vinculadas à saúde e contradições em torno das responsabilidades da ESF em relação a elas. Evidencia-se a necessidade de a Estratégia considerar seu papel ético e estratégico no trabalho intersetorial, no reconhecimento de necessidades sociais, sanitárias e familiares e na produção de participação política orientada para a promoção da saúde. Para a atenção integral à saúde, a equipe de saúde precisa reconhecer e interpretar os modos de pensar da população e utilizá-los como substrato para pensar e reconstruir suas práticas.

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“…Studies show that violence is associated with poor physical and mental health, reproductive health problems, somatic complaints and serious medical conditions such as cancer and ischemic heart disease, either as a trigger or as a risk factor (6,7). Among children and adolescents, associations between problem behavior and family environment variables have been consistently verified.…”

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Family, school and community violence and problem behavior in childhood: Results from a longitudinal study in Brazil

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Oliveira²,

Pires

et al. 2013

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Objective -To analyze if the presence of internalizing and externalizing behavior over the years are associated to the occurrence of family and social violence among schoolchildren in a Brazilian municipality. Subjects -A sample of 295 children from public schools was followed longitudinally in three waves (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008), assessing the emotional and behavioral problems (CBCL) and the presence of different forms of violence. Methods -Two linear regression models were conducted taking into account the longitudinal dependence. Results -The final model for externalizing problems identified that boys are more affected and that physical violence between grandparents, between parents and between siblings, parental verbal aggression against the child and school violence are related to an increase in symptomatology throughout the period studied. The model of internalizing behavior encountered the following variables as being significant: verbal aggression of parents towards the child, sibling physical aggression and violence at school. Conclusion -The results indicate the need for preventive proposals focusing on the family and violence at school, thereby reducing emotional and behavioral problems that seriously affect child development.

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The impact of urban violence on mental health

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Decreased Premotor Cortex Volume in Victims of Urban Violence with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Decreased Premotor Cortex Volume in Victims of Urban Violence with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Necessidades de vida de famílias: desafios para a estratégia saúde da família

Family, school and community violence and problem behavior in childhood: Results from a longitudinal study in Brazil

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