Behaviour of captive Ostrich chicks from 10 days to 5 months of age

Amado, Marina Freire; Xavier, Diego Batista; Boere, Vanner; Torres-Pereira, Carla; McManus, Concepta; Bernal, Francisco Ernesto Moreno

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982011000700029

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These welfare traits consisted of daily behaviour, feather condition score, gait score and fluctuating asymmetry. Daily behaviour consisted of moving, playing, drinking, bathing and feather pecking (Jones et al, 2009;Amado et al, 2011). Before observation began, three people were trained for three days in recording behaviour to minimize variation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Production System on Welfare Traits, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Ducks

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Feng³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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The effects of production system on welfare traits, growth performance and meat quality of ducks were explored. A total of 120 newly hatched ducklings were randomly assigned to three groups: i) floor-reared system (FRS); ii) welfare-reared system (WRS) and iii) net-reared system (NRS) (n = 8 ducklings/pen, 5 pens/group). In the FRS, ducks were reared on sawdust bedding that was changed every 2 -3 days. The WRS was similar to the FRS, the difference being the addition of environmental enrichment devices such as perches, coloured balloons and ribbons. In the NRS, ducks were reared on plastic nets on a bamboo bed, and their droppings were cleaned daily with water. After 35 d, welfare traits, growth performance and meat quality of the ducks were measured. Moving and playing durations of WRS ducks were longer than FRS and NRS ducks. Bathing and feather pecking durations of NRS ducks were longer than FRS and WRS ducks. Duck feather quality was greater and gait defects were reduced in NRS system compared with FRS and WRS systems. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was not affected by the production system. Growth performance was not significantly different between FRS and WRS systems. Average daily weight gain of FRS ducks was higher than in NRS ducks. Feed conversion ratio of FRS ducks was lower than in NRS ducks. There was no difference in acidity, conductivity of pectoralis and leg muscle, and drip loss among the production systems. The conclusion was that NRS proved to be the best production system on welfare traits, while WRS and FRS were the best production systems on growth performance. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Production System on Welfare Traits, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Ducks

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Feng³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…However, this approach prevents interactions between chicks and parents that may be important for the early establishment of gut microbiota. For instance, coprophagy (feeding on feces) has been shown to be important in the development of microbiota in other animals [60] and ostrich chicks are known to be coprophagic [61]. Providing access to adults (or at least their feces) may allow chicks to seed their microbiome early in life with a balanced and diverse bacterial community, possibly preventing future proliferation of problematic bacteria.…”

Section: Environmental Sources Of Gut Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life gut dysbiosis linked to juvenile mortality in ostriches

et al. 2020

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Background Imbalances in the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) of vertebrates have been associated with several gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear which taxa are associated with gut dysbiosis, and if particular gut regions or specific time periods during ontogeny are more susceptible. We also know very little of this process in non-model organisms, despite an increasing realization of the general importance of gut microbiota for health. Methods Here, we examine the changes that occur in the microbiome during dysbiosis in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract in a long-lived bird with high juvenile mortality, the ostrich (Struthio camelus). We evaluated the 16S rRNA gene composition of the ileum, cecum, and colon of 68 individuals that died of suspected enterocolitis during the first 3 months of life (diseased individuals), and of 50 healthy individuals that were euthanized as age-matched controls. We combined these data with longitudinal environmental and fecal sampling to identify potential sources of pathogenic bacteria and to unravel at which stage of development dysbiosis-associated bacteria emerge. Results Diseased individuals had drastically lower microbial alpha diversity and differed substantially in their microbial beta diversity from control individuals in all three regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The clear relationship between low diversity and disease was consistent across all ages in the ileum, but decreased with age in the cecum and colon. Several taxa were associated with mortality (Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Clostridium), while others were associated with health (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Turicibacter, Roseburia). Environmental samples showed no evidence of dysbiosis-associated bacteria being present in either the food, water, or soil substrate. Instead, the repeated fecal sampling showed that pathobionts were already present shortly after hatching and proliferated in individuals with low microbial diversity, resulting in high mortality several weeks later. Conclusions Identifying the origins of pathobionts in neonates and the factors that subsequently influence the establishment of diverse gut microbiota may be key to understanding dysbiosis and host development.

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“…The ingestive behavior was higher in the morning than other photoperiods; this may be due to decreased heat stress. Most behavioral patterns of birds were greatly affected by circadian rhythms (Mohammed 2017;Amado et al 2011;Wirminghus et al 2001;Kondo et al 2006). Diurnal hours had no significant effect on wall pecking behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the diurnal hours affects maintenance behavior in Japanese quail concerning rearing modification systems

Abdel-Hamid

Fattah

2020

JABB

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This study was carried out to investigate the impact of times of day on the behavior of Japanese quail concerning managerial modifications systems. A total of 120 one-day-old quail chicks were used in this study. 60 chicks were housed in cage systems; distributed into 3 subgroups (20 birds on each), a normal cage group, a cage with cover as wire floor with plastic cover from the top and third cage group "Edinburg modification cage", as a normal cage except that the front portion has dust bather filled with washed builder sand or fine sawdust. The other floor managerial modifications included 60 birds distributed into three subgroups. The first-floor group was considered "normal", as 20 birds were housed using an 80×50 floor system with 5cm or l0cm dry, clean soft sawdust sprinkling with slaked lime, the second-floor group was named "A grill group". The feed was offered to the quail in a plastic feeder covered with the grill to reduce feed wastage and the third-floor group offered feed to the quail in a longitudinal constructed feeder with six holes separated by wire. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, where two factors affect the behavior of quails and from our study, we suggested that there were non-significant differences in the ingestive behavior of quail regarding the daylight effect. Most standing frequencies were conducted midday at most managerial modifications. Crouching time also increased in the early morning with the normal floor group and constructed feeder. We conclude that various times of the day and managerial modifications greatly alter maintenance behavior in most quail chicks. Abnormal behavior was comparatively higher in the morning.

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Behaviour of captive Ostrich chicks from 10 days to 5 months of age

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Production System on Welfare Traits, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Ducks

Effect of Production System on Welfare Traits, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Ducks

Early-life gut dysbiosis linked to juvenile mortality in ostriches

How the diurnal hours affects maintenance behavior in Japanese quail concerning rearing modification systems

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