Due to the high olfaction acuity of dogs, they are used to detect the cryptic or hidden objects like explosives and narcotics. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dog breeds, searching site and previous training experiences on the dogs' detection performance for narcotics. One hundred and sixty-five purebred dogs from four breeds, German shepherd (n=46), Labrador retriever (n=41), Belgin malinois (n=40), and Rotweiller (n=38) were utilized. Dogs have examined shortly before the first certificate for the operational efficiency, during police certification exams and also, during an annual recertification exam assuring proficiency. The obtained results demonstrated that Labrador retriever was the highest in correct alert and the lowest in false alert, miss trails, and passes without indication. Dogs performed better during first police exams for certification than during the final stage of training and annual recertification. A significantly higher proportion of correct alert and a lower false alert were recorded inside the cars in comparison to other searching sites. Conclusively, Labrador retriever breed was the superior breed in narcotics detection and were easily found inside cars, while and best detection performance was for dogs during first police certification exams.

The present investigation was conducted to assess the effect of different dietary protein percentages and starvation on the health, behavior, blood chemistry, immune response and histoarchitectures of fan tail gold fish Carassius auratus L. Experiment was carried out using 80 Carassius auratus with an average body weight 18 ± 2 g which were divided into four groups in duplicate in which, group 1 feed with diet A; 28% Crude Protein (CP). Fish in group 2 was fed on diet B (17% CP) and fish in group 3 was feed on diet C (45% CP) and group 4 kept as fasted group. The experimental period was 8 weeks. The current study clarified that significant high growth rate, improved welfare; decrease aggressive behavior, improved biochemical serum parameters and immune response were observed in group feed with diet containing 45% crude protein. Starvation is directly affected health, immunity and welfare as well as histoarchitectures of all selected organs. Histologically, there is no any significant changes on the histoarchitectures of the all selected organs; liver, spleen, intestine, head kidney as well as muscle of groups 1, 2 and 3 feed with diet A (28% CP), diet B (17% CP) and diet C (45% CP) respectively. Meanwhile, the fasting of group 4 had the most effective changes on the histoarchitectures of all selected organs.

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Fish culture is an essential source of fish and fish products that provides a valuable source of animal protein and important micronutrients for balanced nutrition and good health (Srinivasan et al., 2015). There is an increasing demand on fish meat worldwide as it contains a healthy and high quality protein. So, fish culture showed a remarkable development in the last decades (Pavanelli et al., 2008). Tilapia is the second most essential farmed fish in the world, after carps. Tilapia culture is practiced in most of the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Major attention has been paid to tilapia farming in recent years (Osofero et al., 2009). Tilapia is the main fish species for culture over the world. It mostly is the choice because of its rapid growth rate, easily breeding, highly bearing to environmental cues, and high market require (El-Sayed, 2006). Stressors in Tilapia farming include improper water temperature, and overstock, incorrect feeding regime. Both types of stress result in a characteristic stress response (Barton & Iwama, 1991). In many farmed fish species, growth is negatively associated to stocking density and this is principally attributed to social interactions (Silva et al., 2000).