Key words:Goat, Management, Dominance, Behaviour, Housing Systems.This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dominance on behaviour of goat reared under different housing conditions. A two flock of baladi goats belonging to both the farm of faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university and private one at Hehia city, Sharkeya in which a total number of forty baladi goats (9-18 m) were used and reared under two housing systems either semi-intensive or village system (20 goats per system) which randomly allocated into two sub-groups (4 male and 16 female). The following behaviours were assessed: ingestive, agonistic and eliminative for each housing system. The results revealed that there was significant effect of the dominance index on the behaviour of goat with the highest for the dominance index >0.66 for goats reared under semi-intensive system followed by the village. Therefore, it can be concluded that rearing goats under the semi-intensive system could be better than the village one with the following recommendation to gain the good economic benefit from it: 1. Suitable stocking density with similarity in age and size 2. Avoid regrouping and keep the group stable 3. Sufficient feeding spaces to avoid fighting on feed resources 4. Avoid bad management by human to keep the animal in good temperament.
Capturing of ducks at cages increased discomfort and stress. Herein, we tried to overcome this problem by addition of selenium in diet. We assessed the impact of organic selenium (0.4 gm/kg ration) supplementation on duck behaviour, welfare, thyroid hormones, and economic values. Forty-eight black Muscovy ducklings 3 weeks old, were reared in cage system and divided into two equal groups (control and Se-treated groups). No impact of the organic selenium supplementation on the feeding time, although the time was increased in the 10 th week. The drinking bouts were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in organic selenium treated group when compared with control group at finishing phase. The body weights (p < 0.01 in the 7 th week, p < 0.001 in 8 th , 9 th and 10 th weeks) and weight gains (p < 0.01 in 7 th and 8 th weeks) in the Se-treated group have been increased significantly compared to the control. Besides, the feed conversion ratio was highly decreased and relative growth rate was highly improved with organic selenium supplementation at both growing and finishing periods. Furthermore, the addition of organic selenium in caged ducks diet decreased the level of free thyroxine. On the economic basis, duck ration supplementation with organic selenium revealed the lowest cost/ kg weight gain, the highest economic return, net profit, and profitability index. Adding organic selenium to ration is important to display the duck's fundamental needs and behavioural patterns, and to ensure their welfare, productivity and economic gain.
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of times of day on the behavior of Japanese quail concerning managerial modifications systems. A total of 120 one-day-old quail chicks were used in this study. 60 chicks were housed in cage systems; distributed into 3 subgroups (20 birds on each), a normal cage group, a cage with cover as wire floor with plastic cover from the top and third cage group "Edinburg modification cage", as a normal cage except that the front portion has dust bather filled with washed builder sand or fine sawdust. The other floor managerial modifications included 60 birds distributed into three subgroups. The first-floor group was considered "normal", as 20 birds were housed using an 80×50 floor system with 5cm or l0cm dry, clean soft sawdust sprinkling with slaked lime, the second-floor group was named "A grill group". The feed was offered to the quail in a plastic feeder covered with the grill to reduce feed wastage and the third-floor group offered feed to the quail in a longitudinal constructed feeder with six holes separated by wire. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, where two factors affect the behavior of quails and from our study, we suggested that there were non-significant differences in the ingestive behavior of quail regarding the daylight effect. Most standing frequencies were conducted midday at most managerial modifications. Crouching time also increased in the early morning with the normal floor group and constructed feeder. We conclude that various times of the day and managerial modifications greatly alter maintenance behavior in most quail chicks. Abnormal behavior was comparatively higher in the morning.
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