Animal production in Tanzania grass swards fertilized with nitrogen

Canto, Marcos Weber do; Filho, Amadeu Bona; Moraes, Aníbal de; Hoeschl, André Ricardo; Gasparino, Eliane

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982009000700003

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The ADG of heifers was similar to that demonstrated in previous studies (400 g/day) investigating Creole and Nellore steers in the pasture (Boval et al, 2002;Ribeiro et al, 2008;Agastin et al, 2010). However, the ADG of Creole cattle has been shown to reach 800 g/day in the absence of supplementation (Mahieu and Naves, 2008;do Canto et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mixed grazing systems of goats with cattle in tropical conditions: an alternative to improving animal production in the pastureq

d'Alexis¹,

Périacarpin²,

Jackson

et al. 2014

Animal

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Mixed grazing systems combining sheep and cattle have shown better growth performance for one or both species. This observation has been attributed to their complementary feeding behaviour and the reduced host infection by gastrointestinal nematodes. Less attention has been paid to mixed grazing systems combining goats and cattle. Here, continuously grazing goats mixed with cattle (M) were compared with control goats reared alone (C) under tropical conditions. The comparison was conducted with gastrointestinal nematode-infected (I) and non-infected (nI) goats. Thus, the four treatments were cattle with gastrointestinal nematode-infected goats (MI), gastrointestinal nematode-infected goats alone (CI), cattle with non-infected goats (MnI) and non-infected goats (CnI). Average daily gain (ADG, g/day) and grass production were measured for the four groups of animals (six goats and two heifers treated with MI or MnI) grazing for 3 months on 4 subplots. Monthly measurements were performed over 5-day periods. This pattern was replicated in space for a second set of four subplots and in time for six successive cohorts of animals (bands 1 to 6). The ADG of goats in mixed grazing conditions was higher than controls irrespective of the infection status (32.6 v. 18.4 g/day for MI v. CI; 44.2 v. 33.5 g/day for MnI v. CnI). Concomitantly, the average biomass was lower for mixed grazing animals compared with controls (174 v. 170 for MI and MnI; 235 v. 208 for CI and CnI, respectively), suggesting better use of the sward. For daily BW gain (g/kg DM), mixed grazing also yielded better results than the control (1.88 v. 0.52 g BW/kg DM per day for MI v. CI; 2.08 v. 1.47 g BW/kg DM per day for MnI and CnI). Mixed grazing of goats and heifers offers a promising alternative for increasing goat and overall animal production as well as improving the management of pastures.Keywords: mixed grazing, BW, goat, agro-ecological management, tropical ImplicationsThis study conducted over 2 years showed a higher average daily gain of grazing goats pastured together with cattle compared with goats reared alone, considering either the individual gain or gain per hectare. This increased gain occurred irrespective of the infection status of the goats. Moreover, the biomass was lower in mixed grazing conditions, likely due to improved use of the pasture by goats that were mixed with cattle. These results suggest that integrated grazing could be employed as an alternative agroecological strategy to increase performance per hectare and control residual biomass. In addition, this strategy represents an important alternative to reduce the use of anthelmintics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mixed grazing systems of goats with cattle in tropical conditions: an alternative to improving animal production in the pastureq

d'Alexis¹,

Périacarpin²,

Jackson

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Therefore, N fertilization becomes a necessary component in pasture maintenance and in improving animal performance. Canto et al (2009) evaluated Tanzania grass under increasing N levels from November to April and observed that the BWG increased linearly as a function of N fertilization; the results varied from 399 to 895 kg BW per ha for treatments of 100 and 400 kg of N/ha, respectively. This suggests that the most important factor leading to a decrease in BWG (Figure 14) over the years was the total forage production ( Figure 11); qualitative factors were constant and had little influence on this reduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization in Coastcross Pastures Associated with Forage Peanut on Nutritional Composition of Forage and Animal Performance

Cecato¹,

Gomes²,

Rêgo³

et al. 2014

JAS

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The experiment was carried out at IAPAR, in Paranavaí-PR, from July 2002 to June 2007. A completely randomized design was used, with two replications and such treatments: Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon [L] Pers Cv Coastcross) + forage Peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapovickas and Gregori. Cv. Amarillo) + 200 kg ha-1 of N; Coastcross + forage Peanut + 100 kg ha-1 of N; Coastcross + 200 kg ha-1 of N and Coastcross + forage Peanut. Cross heifers were used (Red angus × Nelore × Limousin), three of them as testers plus the regulator animals, with medium initial weight of 170 kg, and management in continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. The pasture was maintained to a medium height of, approximately, 17 cm. For the nutritional value evaluations (crude protein,CP, neutral detergent fibber, NDF, and in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD) forage samples were collected, each 28 days, and separated in leaf blade, sheath+stem, dead material and plants of forage Peanut. The animal production was evaluated through the average daily gain (ADG, kg ha-1 day-1), weighted in fast each 28 days, stocking rate (AU, animal unit ha-1 ; being that the animal unit corresponds to 450 kg of live weight) and body weight gain (BWG, kg ha-1). Pastures of grasses and legumes with no N fertilization have a lower nutritional composition than fertilized pastures. Forage nutritional composition and animal performance vary according to the conditions each year, thereby affecting stocking rate and live weight gain.

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“…O aumento nos componentes de produtividade em resposta à elevação na taxa de N era esperado em P. maximum (Muir & Jank, 2004;Canto et al;), e confirma a importância da adubação nitrogenada para a produção de forragem com alta proporção de lâmina foliar.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Pastagens de P. maximum normalmente apresentam alta resposta ao nitrogênio, nutriente que tem influência marcante sobre a fisiologia do pasto e sobre o potencial produtivo de forragem e sementes (Muir & Jank, 2004;Euclides et al, 2007;Braga et al, 2009;Canto et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nitrogênio e época de colheita nos componentes da produtividade de forragem e sementes de capim-mombaça

Neto

Boleta

Júnior

et al. 2010

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio e de épocas de colheita de sementes sobre componentes de produtividade de forragem e sementes de capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum cultivar Mombaça). Os tratamentos foram constituídos das doses 0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha -1 de N e da colheita das sementes aos 8 e 14 dias após a antese. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A produtividade de forragem e de lâmina foliar foi afetada positiva e linearmente pelas doses de N. Os caracteres densidade de perfilhos com panículas, número de sementes aparentes e de sementes puras por panícula, e produtividade de sementes aparentes e puras foram afetados pela interação entre doses de N e época de colheita. Observou-se correlação positiva do número de sementes por panícula e do peso de mil sementes com as produtividades de sementes aparentes e puras. As maiores produtividades de sementes aparentes e puras -89,1 e 28,2 kg ha -1 , respectivamente -foram obtidas com as doses de 241,2 e 250,0 kg hade N, aos oito dias após a antese.Termos para indexação: Panicum maximum, florescimento, gramínea tropical, sementes de forrageiras. Nitrogen and harvesting time on the components of forage and seed yield of guineagrass cultivar 'Mombaça'Abstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen doses and harvesting time, on the yield components of forage and seed production of Mombaça Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cultivar Mombaça). The treatments were composed by N doses (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha -1 ) and two harvesting times (8 and 14 days after anthesis). The experimental design was the randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Forage and leaf lamina yield were positively and linearly affected by N doses. The characters density of fertile tillers, apparent number of seeds and number of pure seeds per panicle, and apparent and pure seed yields were significantly affected by the interaction between N doses and harvesting time. Positive correlation was observed between apparent or pure seed yield and number of seed per panicle and weight of one thousand seeds. The highest apparent seed yield of 89.1 kg ha -1 and pure seed yield of 28.2 kg ha -1were observed on nitrogen doses at 241.2 and 250.0 kg ha -1 , respectively, at 8 days after anthesis.

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Animal production in Tanzania grass swards fertilized with nitrogen

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Mixed grazing systems of goats with cattle in tropical conditions: an alternative to improving animal production in the pastureq

Mixed grazing systems of goats with cattle in tropical conditions: an alternative to improving animal production in the pastureq

Nitrogen Fertilization in Coastcross Pastures Associated with Forage Peanut on Nutritional Composition of Forage and Animal Performance

Nitrogênio e época de colheita nos componentes da produtividade de forragem e sementes de capim-mombaça

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