Lactação em éguas da raça Mangalarga Marchador: produção e composição do leite e ganho de peso dos potros lactentes

Abstract

RESUMO -Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a produção e a composição do leite de éguas Mangalarga Marchador e o ganho de peso dos potros lactentes. A produção de leite foi avaliada em oito éguas, pelo método da pesagem dos potros antes e depois das mamadas, em intervalos de duas horas, em doze observações diárias. A partir do somatório da quantidade de leite produzido nas observações, obteve-se a produção diária de leite. A produção de leite, analisado quanto aos teores de lactose, proteína, gordura e energia, foi avaliada aos 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 dias da lactação A produção média de leite variou de 9,95 kg/dia no 40 o dia a 7,48 kg/dia no final da lactação. A produção total de leite estimada foi igual a 1405,56 kg. A produção de leite, expressa em percentual do peso vivo (PV) das éguas, variou entre 2,3% do PV no 20 o dia e 1,8% do PV no final da lactação, sendo similar às quantidades de leite produzidas nos períodos diurno e noturno. Não foi observado efeito da idade das éguas na produção de leite. O ganho médio diário de peso dos potros ao longo do período de amamentação foi de 0,77 kg, com maiores valores nos meses iniciais do período de amamentação. O leite das éguas apresentou baixas concentrações de proteína, gordura e energia e altas de lactose, além de resposta quadrática decrescente, em função do período da lactação. Palavras-chave: lactação, eqüinos, exigências nutricionais Lactation in Mangalarga Marchador Mares: Yield production and Composition of Milk, and Weight Gain of Suckling FoalsABSTRACT -This work aims to evaluate yield production and composition of milk of Mangalarga Marchador mares and average weight gain of suckling foals. Milk yield was evaluated in eight mares by the weigh-suck-weigh method, at intervals of two hour, twelve times a day. Daily milk produced was estimated by summing of the twelve observations. Milk yield was performed at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 days of lactation. The milk was analyzed for lactose, protein, fat and energy concentration. Daily milk production ranged from 9.95 kg at 40 th day to 7.48 kg no final da lactação (160 th day) Total estimate milk yield during the lactation was 1405.56 kg. Milk yield as a % LW of mares ranged from 2.3% LW at 20 th day to 1.8% LW at the end of lactation. Amounts of milk produced during daytime and nighttime was similar and mare age did not affect milk production. Average weight gain of foals during lactation period was 0.77 kg/day with higher values at first months of lactation period. Milk showed low concentration of protein, fat and energy, high levels of lactose, with a decreasing quadratic response in function of lactation period.

Development of Mangalarga Marchador suckling foals supplemented with fructooligosaccharides

“…The result observed for weekly weight gain (6.5 kg) was close to estimative of the NRC (2007), which corresponds to 6.3 kg in the first month of foals with adults weighing 400 kg. The cumulative weight gain was similar to that observed by Santos et al (2005), considering the body weight at 75 days of age (45.5 kg). Santos et al (2005) recorded an average cumulative value of 47.8 kg at 80 days old, which is a variation of 2.3 kg for foals of the same breed.…”

“…During the first three weeks, there was a greater daily weight gain, reaching a daily average value of 0.93 kg, close to that observed by Santos et al (2005) (0.95 kg/day) during the first 20 days of life. The result observed for weekly weight gain (6.5 kg) was close to estimative of the NRC (2007), which corresponds to 6.3 kg in the first month of foals with adults weighing 400 kg.…”

“…Santos et al (2005) observed similar results, with foals of 39.4 kg and 72.4 kg, from birth to 40 days old, respectively, representing 83.7% gain in body weight. In other words, regardless of supplementation, foals reached a percentage of body weight gain at the end of the study compatible with that expected for the breed at that same age.…”

“…In foals of the same breed, Cabral et al (2004) reported a birth weight equivalent to 9.7 and 11% of the maternal weight for male and female foals, respectively, while Santos et al (2005) observed 39.4 kg for foals at birth, equivalent to 9.3% of the body weight of mature horses.…”

Intake and digestibility of concentrate and legume hay diets fed to foals

“…Rezende et al (1986) observed daily weight gains from 0.54 to 0.65 kg in Mangalarga Marchador foals from weaning to 12 months of age when supplemented with different levels of crude protein (CP) (14, 16 and 18%). Santos et al (2005) found similar weight gain results (0.77 kg/day) when Mangalarga Marchador suckling foals were evaluated from birth to 160 days. According to the NRC (2007), weaned foals at six months of age, which have an estimated mature body wheight of 400 kg, gain weight at 0.58 kg/day.…”