Visto a crescente busca por alternativas para alimentação humana e animal, a utilização de uma fonte proteica proveniente da criação de insetos em larga escala, aparece como uma perspectiva atraente atualmente. A criação de insetos, devido à natureza das espécies, apresenta algumas vantagens que reforçam ainda mais sua utilização, como alimentar-se de uma gama de subprodutos da indústria, não competir com o uso de recursos alimentares, possuir alto valor nutricional, além de, quando consumidos, atuarem no desenvolvimento da microbiota benéfica e como imuno-moduladores. Alguns estudos destacam a utilização de farinhas de diferentes insetos em substituição a farinhas de origem animal e ao farelo de soja na alimentação de animais monogástricos, que além de fornecer um perfil de aminoácidos semelhante e/ou superior à esses ingredientes convencionais, podem reduzir o custo final da ração consumidas pela espécies monogástricas de interesse zootécnico, impactando significativamente no sistema produtivo. Alguns pontos acerca a viabilidade de produção dessas farinhas na utilização como fonte de proteína na alimentação animal merece destaque, sendo assim, o presente trabalho busca reunir as aplicações e resultados recentes obtidos com a utilização de farinha de insetos na alimentação e nutrição dos animais monogástricos, seus impactos no desempenho, saúde, além da qualidade dos produtos originados.
This study was carried out to evaluate the production indexes of the Mangalarga Marchador horse farms, in which horse’s breeders were interviewed. The survey with 244 questions, where 262 variables were analyzed, of which 28 were used for the evaluation of productivity. The average number of births per farm/year throughout the Rio de Janeiro is 22.7 foals, which is equivalent to 42.5%, an average, of mares available for breeding. The birth rate is 94% throughout the Rio de Janeiro. More than 60% of stud farms have a mare’s productivity index above 0.5, with the highest average for the Northwestern Fluminense mesoregion (0.70) and the lowest for the Central Fluminense mesoregion (0.52). The ratio between pregnant/donor recipients mares shows an average of 1.96 embryos conceived by donor, considering all farms in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The highest average was observed in the Northwestern mesoregion (2.20 embryos per donor) and the lowest in the Southern Fluminense mesoregion (1.72 embryos per donor). The artificial insemination using a stallion on the farm is greater than the use of natural mating, especially in the mesoregions where fertility rates in embryo transfer are higher. The productivity rate presented an average of 0.23 considering all farms in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and ranged from 0.20 to 0.26 in the Central and Northwestern Fluminense mesoregions, respectively. The Northwestern mesoregion presented the best average productivity index of the Mangalarga Marchador herd in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on the development of Mangalarga Marchador suckling foals. Sixteen Mangalarga Marchador foals, from birth to 75 days of age, were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with two treatments (experimental group and control group) with eight repetitions (animals). The foals were evaluated through body weight, morphometric, and circumferential measures. The daily, weekly, and cumulative weight gains were recorded and the morphometric measures were: withers height, croup height, body length, mid-back height, mid-back width, and thorax, shin, knee, and forearm circumferences. The mean body weight was 32.3 and 77.9 kg at birth and 75 days of age, respectively. The mean withers height was 86 and 103.8 cm at birth and 75 days of age, respectively, and the mean body length was 63.9 cm at birth, reaching 89.1 cm at 75 days of age. No significant differences in the FOS supplementation or interaction of age versus supplementation between the experimental and control groups were observed for any of the parameters evaluated. However, there were significant differences between the ages. Supplementation with prebiotic FOS does not affect the development of the Mangalarga Marchador suckling foals from birth to 75 days of age.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.
This work aims to describe the Mangalarga Marchador horse’s breeding systems in the Rio de Janeiro. The geographic distribution of the farms in the mesoregions of Rio de Janeiro State were defined, and the commercial and social importance the Mangalarga Marchador horse’s business is described in this study. Mangalarga Marchador horse breeders were interviewed through a survey. Sampling of the farms was stratified by the mesoregions. The state of Rio de Janeiro has 1,573 members Horse Breeder Association, with 92,162 registered horses, corresponding to 15.43% of the total of Mangalarga Marchador horses in Brazil. Approximately 95.2% of farms have their own area and more than half ranging between 100 to 500ha. Horse breeding is the main activity on 79.2% of the farms, and the main goal is the sale of horses (39%), followed by sports (32.7%) and leisure (18.6%). The properties have, on average, five registered employees. Most of the owners (90%) are male. The average number of horses at these farms is 100 heads, with an average number of 53 mares, maintained mainly on an extensive production system. About 39.9% of pastures are formed by the Brachiaria spp. grass, and Napier grass, also known as Elephant grass, the most used forage supplement. The average monthly consumption of forage and commercial concentrate feed is 12,866kg and 2,800kg respectively per farm. About 90% of breeders declared that the unskilled labor force is the biggest obstacle to the increase of the horse breeding in the Rio de Janeiro.
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