Exigências de mantença e de ganho em proteína e energia em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de 15 a 32 dias

Abstract

RESUMO -Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar as exigências de proteína e de energia em 128 fêmeas de codornas japonesas na fase de 15 a 32 dias de idade, pelo método fatorial. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, composto por quatro repetições de oito aves. Os tratamentos foram: T 1 = dieta basal (DB) com 24,1% de proteína bruta (PB) e 2.900 kcal de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) fornecida à vontade; T 2 = 80%; T 3 = 60% e T 4 = 40% do nível de oferta do T 1 (próximo à mantença). No início da fase experimental, quatro grupos (referência) de 15 codornas foram abatidos por deslocamento cervical, sem perdas de penas e de sangue. Para as estimativas das exigências de ganho, doze grupos de 15 codornas foram criados paralelamente, alimentados à vontade, e quatro grupos foram abatidos seqüencialmente no 22 o , 29 o e 32 o dia. As aves de todas as parcelas foram abatidas no 32 o dia, para estimar as exigências de mantença. As equações de predição para estimar as exigências de mantença e de ganho de codornas japonesas de 15 a 32 dias foram, respectivamente: PB (g/ave/d) = 4,752.P 0,75 + 0,843.G e EMAn (kcal/ave/d) = 91,480.P 0,75 + 9,32.G, em que PB é a exigência de proteína bruta; P, o peso vivo (kg); G, o ganho de peso (kg); e EMAn, a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (kcal).Palavras-chave: crescimento, deposição de nutrientes, energia, proteína Maintenance and Weight Gain in Crude Protein and Metabolizable Energy Requirements of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from 15 to 32 Days of AgeABSTRACT -An experiment was carried out to estimate dietary crude protein and energy requirements of 128 females of Japanese quails from 15 to 32 days of age, by the factorial method. A completely randomized design with four treatments with four replicates of eight birds was used. The treatments were: T 1 = basal diet (BD) with 24.1% CP and 2,900 kcal AMEn ad libitum, T 2 = 80%, T 3 = 60% and T 4 = 40% of T 1 (close to maintenance). In the beginning of the experimental phase, four groups of 15 quails were slaughtered by cervical displacement. Gain requirements were obtained from twelve groups of 15 quails, reared separately and fed ad libitum, therefore, four groups of fifteen birds were slaughtered at 22, 29 and 32 days of age. At the final of the experiment, all birds from pens were slaughtered to estimate the requirements of maintenance by the comparative slaughter methodology. The prediction models to estimate daily requirements of CP and AMEn for Japanese quails maintenance and gain from 15 to 32 days of age were, respectively: CP (g/bird/d) = 4.752.W .75 + 0.865.G and AMEn (kcal/bird/d) = 91.480.W .75 + 8.86.G, where CP is crude protein, W is live weight (kg), G is weight gain and AMEn is apparent metabolizable energy nitrogen-corrected (kcal).

Requirement for maintenance and gain of crude protein for two genotypes of growing quails

“…This result confirms the suggestion of Silva & Costa (2009), that European quails are more demanding in protein than the Japanese for maintenance. The protein requirement for maintenance of Japanese quails (4.78 g/kg 0.75 /day) was similar to the 4.75 g/kg 0.75 /day estimated for Japanese quails by Silva et al (2004b) in the period between 15-32 days of age.…”

“…Lower protein retention by quails in comparison with the pullets was also observed by Silva et al (2004b), working with Japanese quails aged between 15 and 32 days. This shows that there are differences between poultry species in the protein requirement for gain.…”

“…These values were lower than those obtained with replacement pullets aged 42-63 days (55%), estimated by Albino et al (1994), however, they remained above the 23% estimated for Japanese quails aged 15-32 days (Silva et al, 2004b Silva et al (2007), that poultry should be fed diets formulated considering the requirement of each genotype. To gain, there were variations in body weight and crude protein content of the empty body of both quail genotypes (Table 3).…”

Energy requirement for maintenance and gain for two genotypes of quails housed in different breeding rearing systems

“…The estimated net gain obtained with Japanese quails (2.07 kcal/g) is similar to the 2.05 kcal/g estimated by Silva et al (2004b) also with Japanese quails in the period from 15 to 32 days of age.…”

“…Quails usually have constant habits of scratching feed and litter in addition to frequently fly on the facilities (Silva et al, 2004b). In this research, the higher maintenance energy for quails housed in floor pens over the poultry housed in cages and lower retention of energy intake for gain in quails housed on the floor support this hypothesis.…”