Influência de fatores antinutricionais da leucena (Leucaena leucocephala e Leucaena cunningan) e do feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) sobre o epitélio intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte

Abstract

RESUMO -Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a influência de fatores antinutricionais de alguns alimentos sobre o epitélio intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 480 pintos de um dia de idade, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (A = ração testemunha à base de milho e soja; B = ração contendo Leucaena leucocephala -6% [LL]; C = ração contendo Leucaena cunningan -6% [LC] e D = ração contendo feijão guandu -Cajanus cajan -20% [CC]), quatro repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. Houve redução de ganho de peso e aumento da conversão alimentar com a utilização de LL e LC, no período de 1 a 21 e de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Aos 21 dias de idade, observou-se aumento no tamanho dos vilos do jejuno e na relação vilo:cripta do jejuno e íleo, nas aves que receberam LC. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) das células caliciformes no duodeno e jejuno em aves de todos os tratamentos e apenas LL e LC aumentaram as células caliciformes do íleo. Aos 42 dias de idade, houve aumento no número de células caliciformes causado por CC no duodeno e por LL, LC e CC no íleo. O consumo de ração e a profundidade de cripta não foram influenciados. A alteração da morfologia da vilosidade do jejuno, bem como a alteração na relação vilo:cripta no período inicial, influenciou negativamente o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar nos períodos inicial e total.Palavras-chave: Cajanus cajan, epitélio intestinal, fatores antinutricionais, frangos de corte, Leucaena cunningan e leucocephala Influence of Antinutritional Factors of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala and Leucaena cunningan) and Pigeous Bean (Cajanus cajan) on the Intestinal Epithelium and Performance of Broiler ChickensABSTRACT -A trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of antinutritional factors in some feedstuffs on broiler chick's performance and intestinal epithelium. A total of 480 one-day old broiler chicks were allotted to a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (A= corn and soybean meal based control diet; B = diet containing Leucaena leucocephala -6% [LL]; C = diet containing Leucaena cunningan -6% [LC] and D = diet containing Pigeous bean -Cajanus cajan -20% [CC]), four replicates and 30 broiler chicks per experimental unit. The broiler chicks, which were fed with LL and LC containing diets showed lower weight gain and a worse feed: gain in the periods from 1 to 21 and from 1 to 42 days of age. At 21 st days of age only the broiler chicks fed with LC containing diet showed a higher villi size in jejunum and villi: crypt ratio in jejunum and ileum. There was significant increase on the number of Goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum in the broiler chicks of all treatments at the 21 st day of age, and only broiler chicks fed with LL and LC containing diets showed an increased number of Goblet cells in the ileum. At 42 th day of age, an increase of Goblet cells was observed in the duodenum of broiler chicks fed with CC containing diets, and in the ileum of broiler chicks fed with LL, ...

Effects of sorghum on broilers gastrointestinal tract

“…Consistent with the results of the present study, Uni et al (1998), Oliveira et al (2000), and Geyra et al (2001) reported that the duodenum and the jejunum present high cell proliferation and migration rates, as well as high villi and deep crypts, because they are submitted to stronger aggression and stimuli. Ribeiro et al (2002) did not find any effects of increasing corn particle size on duodenal morphology (villus number and height) in 21-to 42-d-old male broilers, but that villus number and height increased with age.…”

<b>Inclusion of leucaena leaf hay in the diet of laying hens during the growing phase

“…However, the above differed from reports by Oliveira et al (2000) that 6% of leucaena hay impaired the performance of broilers. It should be underscored that variations may occur in the chemical composition and in the amount of nutritional factors in leucaena due to type of cultivar, soil, climate of the cultivated area (D'MELLO; ACAMOVIC, 1989).…”

“…Bhatnagar et al (1996) tested LLH inclusion levels 5, 10 and 20% in the diets of commercial laying hens and registered that a significant decrease in egg production, weight and mass of eggs and high diet intake occurred only at 20% inclusion level. On the other hand, Oliveira et al (2000) evaluated two species of leucaena (L. leucocephala and L. cunningham) at level up to 6% inclusion in the diet and reported a significant decrease in weight gain in 1 to 21-day-old fowls.…”

Physiology, cell dynamics of small intestinal mucosa, and performance of broiler chickens under heat stress: a review

“…One of the main features that make the broiler chicken so productive is the great capacity of its intestinal epithelium to absorb nutrients (Oliveira et al, 2000). According to Cera et al (1988), the absorption capacity of the small intestine is proportional to the number and size of the intestinal villi and the surface area available for absorption.…”