Chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome

Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Schmidt, María Inês

doi:10.1590/s1516-31802001000300008

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…As in other studies that document the presence of chronic mild inflammation in obesity 30 and metabolic syndrome 31 , adults with MetS showed increased C-reactive protein and lower albumin serum levels than the control group members. In the MetS group, the increased serum CRP levels are due to higher levels of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, which are related to systemic and vascular low-grade inflammation and associated with abdominal obesity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Silva¹,

Prata²,

Cunha³

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, is related to an inadequate food intake pattern. Its incidence is increasing among Brazilian adults, including those living in rural areas. Our aim was not only to describe the frequency of MetS in adults with or without MetS but also to compare their food intake pattern as assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI) and serum albumin and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: Men and women (n = 246) living in a small village in Brazil were included. MetS was characterized according to the adult treatment panel (ATP III) criteria. Groups were compared by chi-square, student t or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: MetS was diagnosed in 15.4% of the cases. The MetS group showed higher CRP (1.8±1.2 vs. 1.0±0.9 mg/dl) and lower albumin (4.3±0.3 vs. 4.4±0.3 g/dl) serum levels compared to the control group. Additionally, the MetS group showed lower scores (median[range]) in the HEI compared to the control group (53.5[31.2-78.1] vs 58[29.7-89.5], respectively). The MetS group also had decreased scores for total fat and daily variety of food intake. Conclusions: The results suggest that adults with MetS displayed chronic mild inflammation and a poorer food intake pattern than the control group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the MetS group, the increased serum CRP levels are due to higher levels of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, which are related to systemic and vascular low-grade inflammation and associated with abdominal obesity. This low-grade vascular inflammation is considered a marker of endothelial dysfunction 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Silva¹,

Prata²,

Cunha³

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Furthermore, it is a predictor of cardiovascular events (6) and diabetes in adults (8). Chronic activation of the innate immune system, which produces the acute-phase response, has been postulated to lead to insulin resistance and abnormalities in glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism (20), as well as to endothelial activation, resulting in increased vascular tone and atherosclerosis (21). The combined effect of these and other associated irregularities, known as the metabolic syndrome, is an overall increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (15).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Sialic Acid and Associated Elements of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women With and Without Previous Gestational Diabetes

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE -Inflammatory markers predict type 2 diabetes and relate to the metabolic syndrome. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predicts type 2 diabetes and may be part of this syndrome. To examine the association of inflammatory markers with GDM, we investigated total sialic acid (TSA) in women with and without previous GDM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -All women with GDM and a random sample of women from one center of the Brazilian Study of Gestational Diabetes were invited to return 7 years after their index pregnancy. After an interview, an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry were performed. A total of 46 women with and 50 women without previous GDM completed the protocol.RESULTS -Mean TSA was significantly higher in women with (71.8 Ϯ 11.1 mg/dl) than without (67.5 Ϯ 9.8 mg/dl) previous GDM (P Ͻ 0.05). In a linear regression model, TSA was 4 mg/dl (P Ͻ 0.05) higher in women with previous GDM, after adjustment for BMI, fasting insulin sensitivity, and number of years spent in school. In a similar model, current 2-h plasma glucose levels were associated with higher TSA levels after adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and the log of triglycerides. TSA was strongly correlated with individual components and aggregates (r ϭ 0.55, P Ͻ 0.001) of the metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSIONS -Increased TSA levels are associated with previous GDM and are strongly linked to the metabolic syndrome. These findings in young women suggest that a chronic mild systemic inflammatory response is an early feature of the metabolic syndrome and that GDM may be a window for its investigation.

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“…1 Moreover, increased fat mass is also associated with systemic subclinical inflammation, 2 which in turn is associated with the development of T2D 3,4 and CVD 5,6 (for a review, see 7 ). In prospective studies, plasma inflammatory markers such as white blood cells (WBCs), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptor 1 (sTNFR1), orosomucoid and haptoglobin were shown to be associated with higher risk to develop T2D and CVD in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity energy expenditure and inflammatory markers in sedentary overweight and obese women

et al. 2010

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Objective: Chronic subclinical inflammation and regular physical activity have opposing relationships to obesity-related metabolic diseases. Yet, the association between chronic inflammation and physical activity has rarely been examined in obese subjects. We examined the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), total (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 peak) with inflammatory markers in overweight/obese women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 152 overweight/obese postmenopausal women who were sedentary and free of chronic/ inflammatory diseases (mean age: 57.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.7-58.3) years, body mass index (BMI): 32.5 (95% CI 31.8-33.2) kg m À2 ). The following parameters were measured: TEE (doubly labeled water), REE (indirect calorimetry), PAEE (as (TEE Â 0.90)ÀREE), VO 2 peak (ergocycle) and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), haptoglobin, soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptor 1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-6, orosomucoid and white blood cells. Results: Sedentary women with the highest tertile of PAEE (1276 (1233-1319) kcal day À1 ) had lower concentrations of hsCRP and haptoglobin than those in the lowest tertile (587 (553-621) kcal day À1 ) after adjustment for fat mass (Po0.05). Soluble TNFR1 was positively correlated with VO 2 peak, TEE and REE (Po0.05), and hsCRP and orosomucoid were positively associated with REE (Po0.01), whereas haptoglobin was negatively associated with PAEE (Po0.05). In stepwise regression analyses that examined the concomitant associations of components of energy expenditure with inflammatory markers, PAEE remained the only predictor of hsCRP and haptoglobin (Po0.05), explaining 14 and 5%, respectively, of their variation,whereas REE was the only predictor of orosomucoid (r 2 ¼ 0.05, P ¼ 0.02) after adjustment for fat mass. Adding leptin to the regression models results in similar relationships between inflammatory markers and components of energy expenditure. Conclusion: PAEE is an independent predictor of hsCRP and haptoglobin in sedentary overweight/obese postmenopausal women free of chronic disease. Our data support the role of physical activity in reducing subclinical inflammation and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

Total Sialic Acid and Associated Elements of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women With and Without Previous Gestational Diabetes

Association between physical activity energy expenditure and inflammatory markers in sedentary overweight and obese women

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