Total Sialic Acid and Associated Elements of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women With and Without Previous Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE -Inflammatory markers predict type 2 diabetes and relate to the metabolic syndrome. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predicts type 2 diabetes and may be part of this syndrome. To examine the association of inflammatory markers with GDM, we investigated total sialic acid (TSA) in women with and without previous GDM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -All women with GDM and a random sample of women from one center of the Brazilian Study of Gestational Diabetes were invited to return 7 years after their index pregnancy. After an interview, an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry were performed. A total of 46 women with and 50 women without previous GDM completed the protocol.RESULTS -Mean TSA was significantly higher in women with (71.8 Ϯ 11.1 mg/dl) than without (67.5 Ϯ 9.8 mg/dl) previous GDM (P Ͻ 0.05). In a linear regression model, TSA was 4 mg/dl (P Ͻ 0.05) higher in women with previous GDM, after adjustment for BMI, fasting insulin sensitivity, and number of years spent in school. In a similar model, current 2-h plasma glucose levels were associated with higher TSA levels after adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and the log of triglycerides. TSA was strongly correlated with individual components and aggregates (r ϭ 0.55, P Ͻ 0.001) of the metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSIONS -Increased TSA levels are associated with previous GDM and are strongly linked to the metabolic syndrome. These findings in young women suggest that a chronic mild systemic inflammatory response is an early feature of the metabolic syndrome and that GDM may be a window for its investigation.

Association between Serum Sialic Acid Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…As NAFLD is closely associated with the MS, the relation between SA and MS may indirectly support the link between SA and NAFLD. This result was consistent with the report from Sriharan et al [30 ]and Yerlikaya et al [31], who also observed that serum SA levels was strongly associated with the components of MS from studies of different designs. Notably, our results first demonstrated that serum SA levels were elevated and showed a positive correlation with BMI, SBP, DBP, serum TG and FPG concentrations in NAFLD subjects.…”

“…A vast body of literature addressed that SA-mediated numerous biological functions including metabolic regulation of glycoproteins and lipids, cellular adhesion and molecular signaling pathway, involving various pathophysiologic activities [7,8,9]. Over the past few years, clinical data confirmed the association between circulating SA levels and MS [10,11]. Serum SA levels are often elevated in subjects with MS and serum SA is also a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease [12].…”

Percentage of body fat and plasma glucose predict plasma sialic acid concentration in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Serum triglycerides, insulin, and glucose were measured using standardized laboratory techniques as described in reference [19]. Plasma sialic acid was quantified using an enzymatic method (Boehringer Mannheim, Lewes, Sussex, UK) on a Roche Cobas Fara analyzer (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) [20].…”

Mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort study

“…In the years after their index pregnancy, women with a history of gestational diabetes have an increased prevalence of several cardiometabolic derangements, including traditional vascular risk factors (e.g., type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and metabolic syndrome 2,[16][17][18][19][20] impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and subclinical atherosclerosis 22,24,25 ). Thus, it is not surprising that gestational diabetes has been reported to be associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease.…”