X-Ray diffraction technique applied to study of residual stresses after welding of duplex stainless steel plates

Monin, Vladimir I.; Lopes, Ricardo Tadeu; Turibus, Sergio Nolêto; Filho, João C. Payão; Assis, Joaquim T. de

doi:10.1590/s1516-14392014005000047

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD), known as the "sin 2 ψ -method [10]" was used to measure the residual stress. XSTRESS-3000, manufactured by the Stress Tech group [11], was used.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

2016

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This paper presents an experimental study that examines variations of Charpy impact energy of a welded steel plate, depending upon the welding method and the method for obtaining the Charpy specimens. Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) and Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were employed to weld an SA516 Gr. 70 steel plate. The methods of wire cutting and water-jet cutting were adopted to take samples from the welded plate. The samples were machined according to the recommendations of ASTM SEC. II SA370, in order to fit the specimen dimension that the Charpy impact test requires. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to measure the as-weld residual stress and its redistribution after the samples were cut. The Charpy impact energy of specimens was considerably dependent on the cutting methods and locations in the welded plate where the specimens were taken. The specimens that were cut by water jet followed by FCAW have the greatest resistance-to-fracture (Charpy impact energy). Regardless of which welding method was used, redistributed transverse residual stress becomes compressive when the specimens are prepared using water-jet cutting. Meanwhile, redistributed transverse residual stress becomes tensile when the specimens are prepared using wire cutting.

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD), known as the "sin 2 ψ -method [10]" was used to measure the residual stress. XSTRESS-3000, manufactured by the Stress Tech group [11], was used.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

2016

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“…Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steels (DSS) are very often used in technical practice due to their properties such as sufficient corrosion resistance, very good mechanical properties, and guaranteed weldability [1,2]. The content of austenite and ferrite promoting elements must be balanced in order to achieve the required ratio of the two phases in the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the higher the cooling rate, the higher the ratio of the ferritic phase [4,5,9]. It is well-known that the phase ratio is absolutely essential to determine the resulting residual stresses by using diffraction analyses [1,2,11,12]. The phase ratio also has a partial effect on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [2,5,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, it can be stated that the measurement of the residual stresses after welding is truly demanding for duplex steels but it is already a mastered measurement methodology. Residual stresses on the surface of DSS can be measured by using the XRD (X-ray diffraction) method [1,2,11,15,16,19,20] or via the use of the strain gauge method with the layering technique [7]. Residual stresses under the material surface can be then measured both destructively by, e.g., the hole-drilling method [8,14] and non-destructively by the neutron diffraction [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds

et al. 2021

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Dual phase steels combine very good corrosion resistance with relatively high values of mechanical properties. In addition, they can maintain good plastic properties and toughness at both room temperature and lower temperatures as well. Despite all the advantages mentioned above, their utility properties can be reduced by technological processing, especially by the application of the temperature cycles. As a result, in the material remain residual stresses with local stress peaks, which are quite problematic especially during cyclic loading. Moreover, determining the level and especially the distribution of such residual stresses is very difficult for duplex steels both due to the structure duality and in light of the very small width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This is why the paper presents the possibilities of using physical simulations to study the effect of temperature cycles in residual stresses’ magnitude and distribution, where it is possible to study the HAZ in more detail as well as on a much larger sample width due to the utilization of special samples. In the thermal–mechanical simulator Gleeble 3500, temperature-stress cycles were applied to testing samples, generating stress fields with local peaks in the testing samples. In addition, the supplied steel X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 had different phase rations in the individual directions. Therefore, as the residual stresses were measured in several directions and at the same time, it was possible to safely confirm the suitability of the used measurement method. Moreover, the effect of the stress and strain on the change of partial phases’ ratios was observed. It has been experimentally confirmed that annealing temperatures of at least 700 °C are required to eliminate local stress peaks after welding. However, an annealing temperature of 550 °C seems to be optimal to maintain sufficient mechanical properties.

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“…The X-ray diffraction is considered the most adequate nondestructive method for superficial residual stress measurements. Applied stresses, as external loads, are usually higher at the surface where the failures start over [11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on welding thermal cycle and residual stress of UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel selected as external shield for a transport packaging of Mo-99

et al. 2019

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Thin plates of duplex stainless steel UNS S32304 were welded using the pulsed gas tungsten arc GTAW process (butt joint) without filler addition. The used shielding gas was pure argon and 98% argon plus 2% of nitrogen. The thermal cycles were acquired during welding, in regions near the melting pool. This alloy is candidate for the external clad of a cask for the transport of high activity radiopharmaceuticals substances. For the residual stress measurements in austenite phase an X-ray diffractometer was used in a Bragg-Brentano geometry with CuKα radiation (λ= 0.154 nm) and for ferrite phase was used a pseudo-parallel geometry with CrKα radiation (λ= 0.2291nm). The results of residual stress using sin2y methodology shown that the influence of the high welding temperature leads to compressive stresses for both phase of the duplex steels mainly in heat-affected zone. It was observed a high temperature peak and an increase of the mean residual stress after addition of nitrogen to the argon shielding gas.

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X-Ray diffraction technique applied to study of residual stresses after welding of duplex stainless steel plates

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method

Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds

Study on welding thermal cycle and residual stress of UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel selected as external shield for a transport packaging of Mo-99

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