Influência do horário de colheita sobre o rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.]

Abstract

Fazenda Lageado, C. P. 237, 2 Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, *jmagno@umuarama.ufu.br RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o horário de colheita da erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], fenotipo carvona-limoneno, tem influência sobre a produção de massa foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial. Foram avaliados cinco horários de colheita quando a cultura estava com 145 dias desde o transplante: 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 h com cinco repetições, distribuídos em blocos casualizados. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA-UNESP/Botucatu no Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal. A colheita foi realizada a 15 cm da superfície do solo e o óleo essencial obtido através de hidrodestilação, em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Levou-se em consideração os fatores agronômicos e o rendimento obtido por hidrodestilação. O óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG/EM). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de massa foliar, teor de óleo essencial e produtividade de óleo essencial em massa fresca e seca. No entanto, entre os compostos majoritários do óleo essencial das folhas, carvona e limoneno, a melhor produtividade de carvona foi obtida às 10:00 h, em matéria fresca (2,050 L ha -1 ) e em matéria seca (2,068 L ha -1 ), e para o limoneno às 16:00 h, em matéria fresca (1,068 L ha -1 ) e em matéria seca (1,060 L ha -1 ). Palavras-chave:

Content and composition of essential oil in lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) N.E.Br.) grown with ammonium and nitrate in light environments

“…Probably, this happened because of the phenomenon of N nitrate absorption in relation to the ammoniacal, associated with the condition for photosynthetic activity provided by this environment. It was also found that carvone (terpene ketone), a compound of great importance in L. alba leaves, was detected only in the plants grown under the red mesh and in the solution with 50:50 NH 4 + :NO 3 -; the eugenol compound only appeared in the plants grown under the aluminet mesh and in the 100% NO 3 solution (Ehlert et al, 2013). Among the metabolites produced, terpenoids, in particular mono and sesquiterpenoids, have many functions in plants and are still poorly established for most isoprene derivatives since they involve thermoprotection effects, protection against oxidative damage, photorespiration at high temperatures and low concentrations of O 2 , allelopathy and photoprotection (Taiz and Zeiger, 2013).…”

“…While studying the effect of different harvest schedules on the yield and composition of L. alba essential oil, Ehlert et al (2013) observed that, between 8 and 10 a.m., the leaves presented the main components of the essential oil: carvone (49.48%), limonene (28.66%), sabinene (2.25%), y-terpinene (0.96%) linalool (1.30%), elemol (3.62%), and guaiol (0.56%). It is worth noting that this study was carried out in São Paulo-SP (Brazil), where the environmental conditions are different, which may have led to the biosynthesis of components that were not observed in this experiment.…”

“…Medicinal and aromatic plants are well known and have high acceptability by the world, including lemongrass (Lippia alba (Mill) N.E.Br. ), also known as lemon balm, Brazilian lemongrass, field lemon balm, false melissa, field rosemary, wild rosemary, and wild cider, among others (Carmona et al, 2013;Ehlert et al, 2013). It has great economic importance domestically because of its essential oils, which have biochemicals that are of great interest for drugs since they have scientifically verified therapeutic action, besides important groups of raw material for perfumery and industries (Soares and Dias, 2013;Luz et al, 2014) and soothing, mild antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic, and slightly expectorant properties (Matos et al, 2000;Nascimento et al, 2013).…”

Effect of season and irrigation on the chemical composition of Aloysia triphylla essential oil

“…The chemical composition of the essential oil from A. triphylla varied depending on daily, seasonal, and annual changes, subsequently affecting the concentration of the alkaloids (Chagas et al, 2011). Ehlert et al (2013) and Lima et al (2016) analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oil from Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.), respectively, and observed variations in the alkaloid content with time of harvest. Brotel et al (2010) studied the chemical composition of the essential oil from Hyptis marrubioide as a function of season and observed the highest amounts of essential oil during the summer; however, the highest proportions of the major components were observed during winter.…”

Growth and nutritional diagnosis of Rosemary plants submitted to nitrogen and sulfate fertilization

“…It is widely used for both food and herbal purposes, studies with rosemary in the literature are still scarce, especially in relation to their nutritional requirements. To achieve satisfactory yields of plant material and active ingredients, knowing the proper management is of relevance, since the external stimuli of the environment will influence the production indexes and quality (Ehlert et al, 2013).…”