Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) monocropping has had a great socio-economic and environmental impact in Brazil, and agroforestry systems have been considered as an alternative for more sustainable production; however, there is a lack of field research under such conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth rates, radiation use efficiency and yield traits in sugarcane cultivated in the understory of Aleurites fordii, in two agroforestry arrangements and monocropping systems. A field experiment was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016 in the city of Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The radiation use efficiency, assimilate partitioning, leaf area index, absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate, number of tillers, plant height, % of intercepted solar radiation, extinction coefficient, and yield in each system was evaluated. In agroforestry systems, the dynamic interactions between multiple plant species change with the time and can result in unique microclimates. The use of agroforestry systems in 12 x 12m arrangements should be prioritized because it enables greater yields and radiation availability in the understory. This study sought to provide new sustainable alternatives for farmers in order to increase the diversification of the rural property and maintain the preservation of existing agroecosystems.An Acad Bras Cienc (2018) 90 (4) 3266FELIPE SCHWERZ et al.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) monocropping have had a great socioeconomic and environmental impact on the world and agroforestry systems has been considered an alternative for more sustainable production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different arrangements of agroforestry systems of the species E. urophylla x E. grandis and P. dubium and the pruning of the trees on the dynamics of solar radiation and soybean yield. A field experiment was conducted in Southern Brazil. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the solar radiation transmissivity and the productive performance of the soybean were evaluated. In this study, the soybean yield was determined by the arrangement of the agroforestry system and forest species utilized. The soybean crop cultivated in the understory of the P. dubium trees showed the highest yield response. The use of silvicultural practices for the management of forest species should be considered to generate the balance of the productive system. In this context, tree pruning is a viable side for agroforestry systems, as it promotes an increase in the incidence of solar radiation in the understory, resulting in an increase in soybean yield, especially when integrated with P. dubium.

The objective of this study was to determine the use efficiency intercepted photosynthetically active solar radiation of Hovenia dulcis seedlings grown under different plant density treatments. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the forestry nursery. A complete randomized block design was applied. The study was characterized by two plant densities; high (494 plants m -2 ) and medium (247 plants m -2 ) densities of seedling in the trays, and fifteen evaluation periods that began after first emergence. Evaluations were carried out every 15 days, totaling 210 days, with six replications. The leaf area index, total dry biomass of seedlings, partitioning of dry biomass, interception of global radiation, accumulated intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, and use efficiency of radiation were evaluated. The high density treatments promoted greater use efficiency and accumulation of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation in dry biomass of Hovenia dulcis seedlings. In this work, a model is present for analyzing the growth and development of plants and their relation to both photosynthetic rate and radiation use efficiency.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the conversion efficiency of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation into biomass of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. seedlings. A forest species, plastic tubes (90 cm 3 ), and 11 evaluation periods (up to 180 days after emergence) were used in this study. The leaf area index (LAI), total dry biomass (BIO), global solar radiation (GSR), cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARic), and conversion efficiency of radiation (εb) were determined using a pyranometer (LI200X, LICOR). The value of εb in BIO seedlings of Acacia mearnsii was 7.76 g MJ -1 . LAI was directly related to the efficiency of PARic, and this influenced the development, production potential and accumulation of BIO. The value of GSR flow was 11.81 MJ m -2 day -1 , while the value inside the greenhouse was 6.26 MJ m -2 day -1 .

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age and plant spacing on biomass production of four forestry tree species: Acacia mearnsii De Wild, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Mimosa scabrella Benth, and Ateleia glazioviana Baill. The following spacings of plants at the ages of 1, 3, and 5 years after planting were considered: 2.0 × 1.0 m, 2.0 × 1.5 m, 3.0 × 1.0 m, and 3.0 × 1.5 m. The study was installed in randomized complete block design. Biomass was determined by weighing different components of the trees after harvesting. Plant spacing affected biomass production of forestry trees at different ages after planting. Dense spacings produced larger quantities of biomass than less dense spacing. The tree species differed in biomass production: Eucalyptus grandis produced the largest quantity (325.1 t ha-1), followed by Acacia mearnsii (239.3 t ha-1), Mimosa scabrella (53.4 t ha-1), and Ateleia glazioviana (32.1 t ha-1). Wood biomass represented the biomass component with the largest production over time, which showed an increasing proportion throughout the age groups, followed branch, leaf, and bark biomass.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses e de fontes de nitrogênio sobre as variáveis morfológicas relacionadas com a produtividade de dois cultivares de girassol. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1), duas fontes de nitrogênio (N), fertilizante convencional (ureia), com 44% de N e fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta, com 26% de N, e dois cultivares de girassol (Olisun 3 e Aguará 6), com três repetições. Avaliaram-se altura de plantas, índice de área foliar, interceptação de radiação global, massa de mil aquênios, diâmetro do capítulo, produtividade de aquênios e estimou-se o teor de clorofila. Doses crescentes de N promovem aumento do índice de área foliar e de interceptação da radiação global, do florescimento pleno e da produtividade do girassol, de forma diferenciada entre cultivares. O fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta possibilita índice de área foliar, no início de enchimento de aquênios, maior que o obtido por uso de ureia, a partir da dose de 120 kg ha-1 de N. O cultivar Olisun 3 apresenta maior índice de área foliar no florescimento pleno e maior produtividade, a partir das doses de 80 e de 120 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth and production efficiency of forage-grain dual-purpose wheat in two arrangements and four agroforestry systems (Intercrop-I and Intercrop-II), as well as to evaluate crop management for the wheat crops in two planting seasons (Crop Season I-2014 and Crop Season II-2015. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, factorial scheme 7x2x2, with seven cultivation systems eucalyptus urophylla x eucalyptus grandis Intercrop