Magnitude e tendência da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1975 a 2008

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the magnitude and trend of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in the State of São Paulo from 1975 to 2008. An ecological study that classified municipalities according to the magnitude of transmission was performed. From 1975 to 1985, 1,281 cases of ATL were registered in 45 municipalities, rising to 258 municipalities and 4,093 cases from 1986 to 1995; and reaching 385 municipalities and 7,604 cases from 1996 to 2008. Lutzomyia intermedia s.l. was collected in most of the entomological surveys. In the classification of municipalities according to magnitude, 67.5% were observed to have a "small magnitude," 19.2% "moderate magnitude" and 13.3% "high magnitude." The highest incidences of ATL have been restricted to underserved areas close to the Atlantic forest. There was an increase in the number of municipalities with small occurrence of cases and expansion in the area of risk.

GENOTYPE CHARACTERIZATION OF Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis ISOLATED FROM HUMAN AND CANINE BIOPSIES WITH AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

“…According to other studies 4 , 6 , 23 , 29 , genotypic variations exhibited by L (V.) braziliensis could be explained by the adaption of parasites to changes in the transmission process, as originally, the biological cycle was restricted to forest environments. Similar to in other Brazilian regions, the gradual removal of vegetation has also occurred in São Paulo in recent years 29 . As a result, these parasites have adapted to infect a wider diversity of sand flies and reservoirs.…”

“…The incidence of peri-urban and urban cases has been increasing. Approximately 10% of the population living in endemic areas is at risk of acquiring the infection 29 . ATL is also considered one of the most common dermatological syndromes diagnosed in travelers (or tourists) who have visited endemic areas 15 .…”

Natural canine infection by Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis and their implications for disease control

“…Moreover, infection in humans depends on their relationship with the chain of parasite transmission (ASHFORD, 2000;LAINSON, 1985). The latest surveys of phlebotomine fauna conducted in some areas of São Paulo have determined that Lutzomyia intermedia is the most abundant species in this state (SHIMABUKURO & GALATI, 2011;SILVA et al, 2012), which coincides with findings of infection by L. (V.) braziliensis (CAMARGO-NEVES et al, 2002). In contrast, L. flaviscutellata, the vector species of L. (L.) amazonensis, has not been found.…”