Evolução da disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no município de São Paulo no período de 1979 a 1999

Claro, Rafael Moreira; Sarti, Flávia Mori; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique

doi:10.1590/s1415-52732007000500004

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…c,d An analysis of data from a household budget survey carried out by the Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas in the city of Sao Paulo in 1999 estimated a daily household sodium availability of 4.4 g per 2,000 kcal purchase, 4 which agrees with our present estimate for the entire Brazilian population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…a,b Studies carried out in three Brazilian cities also arrived at similar conclusions based on family food purchase profi les 4 or on direct estimates obtained through evaluation of urinary sodium excretion. 11,12 The aim of the present study was to estimate sodium intake among the Brazilian population, and to identify the major dietary sources contributing to this intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2002-2003

Sarno

Claro

Levy³

et al. 2009

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the magnitude and distribution of sodium intake in Brazil and to identify major dietary sources contributing to this intake. METHODS:Estimates were based on data from a Brazilian household budget survey carried out between July 2002 and June 2003. A total of 969,989 food purchase records from a probabilistic sample of 48,470 households located in 3,984 census tracts across the country were analyzed. Purchase records were converted into nutrients using food composition charts. Mean sodium availability per person per day and mean adjusted availability considering a 2,000 kcal daily energy intake were calculated, as well as the contribution of selected food groups to total household sodium availability. Estimates were presented according to geographical region, urban or rural status of the household, and income stratum. RESULTS:Mean daily sodium availability in Brazilian households was 4.5 g per person (or 4.7 g considering a daily calorie intake of 2,000 kcal), thus exceeding by more than two times the recommended levels of intake for this nutrient. Although most of the sodium available for intake across all income strata was derived from kitchen salt or salt-based condiments (76.2%), the fraction derived from processed foods with added salt showed a strong linear increase as household purchasing power increased, representing 9.7% of total sodium intake in the lower quintile of the per capita income distribution and 25.0% in the upper quintile. CONCLUSIONS:Results indicate that sodium intake in Brazil widely exceeds the maximum recommended intake level for this nutrient in all of the country's macro regions and across all income strata.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2002-2003

Sarno

Claro

Levy³

et al. 2009

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…Esse panorama epidemiológico é marcado por um ambiente urbano atual que conduz a uma ingestão cada vez maior de energia 3 , enquanto limita a prática de atividade física, devido, entre outros fatores, às características ambientais das vizinhanças que, muitas vezes, não possuem locais (ciclovias, parques e quadras de esporte) onde se possa realizar tal atividade 4 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Availability of processed foods in the perimeter of public schools in urban areas

Leite¹,

Oliveira²,

Cremm³

et al. 2012

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To assess the availability of food in relation to their degree of industrial processing and the types of food stores in the perimeters of elementary schools.Method: This is a cross-sectional study. 82 food stores located within a 500 m radius buffer of three public schools located in three distinct regions with different socioeconomic levels in the municipality of Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were assessed. All streets within a 500-meter radius of the schools were covered, geographic coordinates were recorded and information about the stores and food items available were collected by direct observation and interview with store managers. Available food items were classified in relation to their degree of industrial processing as ultra-processed foods and minimally processed foods. Kernel's density maps were used to assess the degree of agglomeration of stores near the schools. Results:The stores that offered mostly ultra-processed foods were significantly closer to schools than those who offered mostly minimally processed foods. There was a significant difference between the availability of processed food in different types of stores and between the three regions assessed. Conclusions:The data found by this work evidences that children who attend the three public schools assessed are exposed to an environment that encourages the consumption of ultra-processed foods through easier access of these products in the studied stores.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):328-34: Nutritional environment, child, processed foods. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a disponibilidade de alimentos comercializados em relação ao seu grau de processamento industrial e os tipos de comércios existentes nos perímetros de escolas de ensino fundamental.Métodos: O estudo teve delineamento transversal, e foram avaliados 82 comércios localizados a um raio de 500 metros de três escolas públicas situadas em regiões distintas do município de Santos, que apresentam diferentes níveis socioeconômicos. Foram percorridas todas as ruas existentes nos perímetros das escolas, considerando-se um raio de 500 metros para delimitação da área, tendo sido registradas as coordenadas geográficas e coletadas informações sobre os pontos de venda e sobre os alimentos comercializados, por meio de observação e entrevista com os responsáveis pelo estabelecimento. Os alimentos encontrados foram classificados, em relação ao seu grau de processamento industrial, em: alimentos ultraprocessados e alimentos minimamente processados. Para a avaliação do grau de aglomeração dos estabelecimentos nos perímetros das escolas, foram utilizados mapas de densidade de Kernel.Resultados: Os pontos de vendas que ofertavam, em sua maioria, alimentos ultraprocessados estavam significativamente mais próximos das escolas do que aqueles que ofertavam maioria de alimentos com menor grau de processamento. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a oferta desses alimentos nas diferentes categorias de comércios e entre as três regiões avaliadas. Conclusões:Os dados...

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“…Analysis of the development of cost distribution and of relative prices of food categories and groups, according to parameters of nutritional interest, 4,5 support the proposal of public policies in favor of healthy eating. 5,16,c There is the possibility of increasing tax rates on food considered unhealthy, as well as subsidizing the cost of foods considered to be healthier, from the analysis of the effects on prices of specifi c food groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…5,16,c There is the possibility of increasing tax rates on food considered unhealthy, as well as subsidizing the cost of foods considered to be healthier, from the analysis of the effects on prices of specifi c food groups. 5,6 Studies of the impact of taxation and food subsidies should be based on observation of historical patterns of the evolution of food prices, coupled with analysis of dietary patterns in the population. Such analyses and INTRODUCTION the evolution of relative prices allow the relationships of substitution and complementarity between foods and food groups, considering the complexity of the tax structure in Brazil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolução dos preços relativos de grupos alimentares entre 1939 e 2010, em São Paulo, SP

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the evolution of relative prices of food groups and its infl uence on public healthy eating policies. METHODS:Data from the municipality of São Paulo between 1939 and 2010 were analyzed based on calculating index numbers. Data from the Economic Researches Foundation Institute price database and weight structures (1939 to 1988) and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (1989 to 2010) were used to. The price database was organized, its consistency tested and prices were defl ated using the consumer price index. Relative prices were calculated and associated to food categories and groups, according to the food pyramid guide adapted for the Brazilian population. The price indices for each group were calculated according to Laspeyres modifi ed formula. The general food price index was compared with the indices for each food group and respective category: fresh food, processed food, beverages, meat, legumes, milk and eggs, cereals and root vegetables and eating out. RESULTS:Price indices for fat, oil, spices, sugars and sweets and processed food showed relative price reduction. Fresh food, such as fruit and vegetables, showed an increase in relative prices. Other food groups, such as cereals, fl our and pasta, meat, milk and egg, showed a steadier long term trend in relative prices. CONCLUSIONS:The evolution of relative prices of food in the city of Sao Paulo demonstrates a negative trend towards healthy eating at household level in the long run. Trends in the evolution of Brazilian eating patterns show a signifi cant increase in the consumption of processed foods with high levels of simple sugars, sodium and lipids (foods which characterize an unhealthy diet). Associated with reduced consumption of fresh foods (standard markers of healthy eating). 10 The nutritional profi le of Brazilian adults has changed signifi cantly since the 1970s. This transition process is characterized by the gradual decrease in the proportion of malnourished individuals and the continued increase in prevalence of obesity. 12 The change in Brazilian eating patterns is allied to life style changes due to urbanization and technological advances, such as the progressive reduction in energy expenditure at work and on household tasks. This results in an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. 18,19 The result of the changing nutritional panorama in the country includes increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population and changes in the national morbidity profi le, burdening the health care system. 3,15,17 Food consumption is infl uenced by a wide variety of factors, especially economic determinants, such as relative prices and income. 4,11,17,a Since the end of the 1930s, factors linked to supply, such as improved technology and increased scales of production, accompanied by increased demand, have enabled the price per calorie of processed food to be reduced. 8,b Studies show that the price per calorie of fresh food, more subject to weather conditions and pests ...

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Evolução da disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no município de São Paulo no período de 1979 a 1999

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2002-2003

Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela população brasileira, 2002-2003

Availability of processed foods in the perimeter of public schools in urban areas

Evolução dos preços relativos de grupos alimentares entre 1939 e 2010, em São Paulo, SP

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