Electrophoretic molecular karyotype of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Abstract

The electrophoretic karyotype of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum was established using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. Five chromosomal bands of approximately 3.0 to 5.8 megabase pairs (Mbp) each were observed and together indicated that 22.05 Mbp of the total genome are organized as chromosomal macromolecules. In addition to establishing the number and size of T. rubrum chromosomes, these results open perspectives for the construction of chromosome-specific libraries and for the physical mapping of genes of interest, thus permitting future gene linkage studies in this pathogen. A detailed understanding of the karyotype and genomic organization of T. rubrum should contribute to further genetic, taxonomic and epidemiological studies of this dermatophyte

Meta‐analysis of chromosome‐scale crossover rate variation in eukaryotes and its significance to evolutionary genomics

“…This includes species such as Arabidopsis thaliana , some social insects (honeybee, bumblebee) and, importantly, all fungi in our data set (the CO distribution along a representative chromosome from each of three species with short chromosomes is shown in Figure , left). Fungi are known to generally have short chromosomes (Cervelatti, Ferreira‐Nozawa, Aquino‐Ferreira, Fachin, & Martinez‐Rossi, ), and this may well be the simple reason why our analysis of this group indicates a CO distribution qualitatively different from that seen in the other kingdoms (Figure ). By contrast, the species in our data set exhibiting very long chromosomes, including wheat, maize, pepper, sunflower and several mammals, generally have CO restricted to short peripheral chromosome regions separated by a vast CO desert (three examples are shown in Figure , right).…”

“…Hence, a key feature of CO distinguishing some social insect species from other animals is that their genomes are split into many short chromosomes (Wilfert et al, 2007) lacking extensive central regions with a low CO rate. The same likely applies to fungi, a group also exhibiting very high genome-wide recombination rates and short chromosomes (Awadalla, 2003;Cervelatti et al, 2004;Stapley et al, 2017;Wilfert et al, 2007). Like social insects, many fungi also interact with other organisms as pathogens or through symbiosis, and have limited opportunity for recombination due to extensive haploid life phases, both of which may have selected for a high CO rate across their genomes.…”

The use of global transcriptional analysis to reveal the biological and cellular events involved in distinct development phases of Trichophyton rubrum conidial germination

“…T. rubrum had been shortlisted for sequencing by the Fungal Genome Initiative (FGD white paper, 2004), yet expressed sequence tag (EST)-based mRNA transcription profiling and microarray technology are used extensively to characterize gene functions and discover functionally related genes needed for developmental and behavioural processes [11,12]. T. rubrum consists of five chromosomes which range in size from 3.0 M bp to 5.8 M bp, and correspond to a total genome size at least 22.05 M bp [13]. We commenced the ESTs project of T. rubrum in 2002 and part of ESTs of the genes were obtained by our group in 2003 [14].…”

“…The epidemiology, clinical case reports, strain relatedness, and drug susceptibilities of the organism are well documented [9]. However, little is known about its genetic and biological characteristics for T. rubrum that cause the most common fungal infection in humans [13]. In this study, we prepare a cDNA microarray consisting of 10250 ESTs to monitor the transcriptional pattern in a time serial process during T. rubrum germination.…”

Transcriptional Profiles of the Response to Ketoconazole and Amphotericin B in Trichophyton rubrum

“…The T. rubrum genome was estimated to be 22.05 Mb (4). We obtained 11,085 first-pass unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and used sequence analysis and database searching to identify known genes, define putative novel genes, and propose some possible metabolic networks in this fungus.…”