Estudo da papila mamária em fêmeas bovinas (Bos taurus - Linnaeus, 1758), mediante as características ultra-sonográficas em modo-B (tempo real)

Santos, Diogo Antonio da Silva; Vicente, Wilter Ricardo Russiano; Canola, Júlio Carlos; Léga, E.

doi:10.1590/s1413-95962004000500010

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Nevertheless, polyps and milk calculus presents their extent and location conveniently visualized by the use of liquid into the teat canal (liquid pressure technique). In turn, the structures immersion technique in water seems to be more efficient as the quality of the images obtained and the characterization of anatomical structures [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Gland Ultrasound Evaluation of Jersey Cattle Breed

Santos

Oliveira

Noriler

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Ultrasound allows the udder evaluation of lactating cattle, through parameters such as the area of the cistern of the mammary gland and teat, and can reveal structures with different echogenicity, indicating injuries as mastitis, edema, hematoma, abscess, atrophy and fibrosis in the mammary gland parenchyma. The aim of this study was to observe the clinical, morphometric and sonographic assessment of the mammary gland of Jersey cows, evaluating the correlation of this exam and the production of milk. Materials, Methods & Results:Nine Jersey breed cows, aged 3 to 9 years, in a variable order of first to seventh lactation were evaluated. Animals were submitted to general and specific clinical examination of the mammary gland. For the evaluation, inspection and palpation of the gland cistern and teat cistern, measuring with tape measure the udder circumference and width and height of each mammary quarter was held, and length measurements of the four teats individually using a caliper. By palpation the mammary gland parenchyma was classified as nothing worthy of note and fibrosis. After this evaluation, the mammary glands were evaluated using ultrasound, analyzing biometrics and echotexture in order to detect and/or confirm possible changes identified in prior palpation. The diameter of the gland and teat cistern were measured, and the echogenicity of each region and each mammary quarter, checking the homogeneity of the parenchyma, evaluating the possible presence of nodules, scarring or acute injuries. The average milk production was 15.57 ± 5.4 L. There was no correlation between milk production, measured biometric data of the mammary gland and clinical and ultrasonographic changes (P > 0.05). On palpation exam, a few number of animals had soft to normal consistency in mammary glands (2/9), the occurrence of fibrosis was observed, but could only be detected by ultrasonography (4/9). Discussion: Using the ultrasound examination is possible to access more accurately the morphology of the udder of lactating animals, examining and measuring the area of the cistern of the mammary gland and teat, the thickness of the wall and ceiling interface. Several studies correlate the morphology of these parameters with resistance to mastitis. The imaging aids to differentiate the teats according to animal age, milk production, lactation number, size, as well as a predisposition to mastitis. In healthy animals, the boundary between the gland cistern and teat cistern is marked by the presence of large anechoic structures. Changes in the teats of a gland with mastitis are mild inflammation, proliferation of tissues and mucosal lesions. No significant correlation between the morphology, physical examination and ultrasound changes of the mammary gland and milk production was observed. Possibly this was due to the limited number of experimental animals, and there is a wide variation in age and clinical profiles, as already observed in other studies that cows with high and wide rear udders tend to have higher milk production....

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Gland Ultrasound Evaluation of Jersey Cattle Breed

Santos

Oliveira

Noriler

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Relationship between California Mastitis Test score and ultrasonographic teat measurements in dairy cows

et al. 2009

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Visualization and Measurement of Teat Structures in Black-and-White Cows Through Ultrasonography

Fasulkov

Vasilev

Karadaev

et al. 2014

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The aim of the present study was to determine the features and size of teat structures in cows using ultrasonography. The experiment was conducted with 12 clinically healthy Black-and-White cows, 3 years of age, with body weight of 350-450 kg. Ultrasonography was performed on 48 teats using ultrasound SonoScape A5v (SonoScape, China) with multifrequency linear transducer (5-12 MHz). The potential of the imaging technique to visualize teat structures as well as teat canal length and diameter, the diameter in the area of the Furstenberg’s rosette, teat wall thickness, teat cistern diameter in its middle part and teat cistern diameter in teat base was evaluated. Scans were conducted before milking, immediately after milking, and 1 and 2 hours after milking. The average teat canal length measured by ultrasound was 8.48±1.41 mm before milking, and until the 2nd post-milking hour its size became statistically significantly (p<0.001) lower (7.48±0.93 mm). Teat canal diameter showed a significant difference (p<0.01) only immediately after milking compared to the size before milking. The diameter of the middle part and the base of the teat cistern also tended to decrease considerably after milking (p<0.001) as compared to premilking values. The teat wall thickness immediately after milking and 1 hour after milking were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to the premilking size. The analysis of results showed that ultrasonography is a rapid non-invasive and accurate method for determination of characteristics and size of teat structures. It could be used for evaluation of changes occurring in bovine teat after milking - shortening of the teat canal, teat wall thickening and reduction of teat cistern diameter.

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Estudo da papila mamária em fêmeas bovinas (Bos taurus - Linnaeus, 1758), mediante as características ultra-sonográficas em modo-B (tempo real)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Mammary Gland Ultrasound Evaluation of Jersey Cattle Breed

Mammary Gland Ultrasound Evaluation of Jersey Cattle Breed

Relationship between California Mastitis Test score and ultrasonographic teat measurements in dairy cows

Visualization and Measurement of Teat Structures in Black-and-White Cows Through Ultrasonography

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