In vitro study of the effect of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus against herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 A b s t r A c tBackground: Due to the emergence of drug resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HsV-1), researchers are trying to find other methods for treating herpes simplex virus type 1 infections. Probiotic bacteria are effective in macrophage activation and may have antiviral activities.Objective: this study aimed at verifying the direct effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a probiotic bacterium, in comparison with Escherichia coli, a non-probiotic one, on HsV-1 infection, and determining its effect on macrophage activation for in vitro elimination of HsV-1 infection.Methods: the above bacteria were introduced into HsV-1 infected Vero cells, and their effects were examined using both Mtt and plaque assay. to determine macrophage activation against in vitro HsV-1 infection, J774 cells were exposed to these bacteria; then, macrophage viability was examined with the Mtt method, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), interferon-gamma (ifn-γ), and nitric oxide (no) assessments were performed using the ELisA method.Results: A significant increased viability of macrophages was observed (p < 0.05) in the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus before and after HsV-1 infection when compared with Escherichia coli as a non-probiotic bacterium. However, tumor necrosis factor α concentration produced by Escherichia coli-treated J774 cells was significantly higher than Lactobacillus rhamnosus-treated J774 cells (p < 0.05). interferon-gamma and no production were not different in the groups treated with Escherichia coli or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Conclusion: the results of this study indicate that Lactobacillus rhamnosus enhances macrophage viability for HsV-1 elimination and activation against HsV-1 more effectively, when compared with non-probiotic Escherichia coli. it also seems that receptor occupation of macrophage sites decreases HsV-1 infectivity by both of the studied bacteria.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Consumption of Synbiotic Bread Containing Lactobacillus sporogenes and Inulin Affects Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…Mean rectal NO production was significantly reduced in 5 children with cystic fibrosis who received Lactobacillus GG for 4 weeks [31]. Furthermore, NO production was not different in the groups treated with Escherichia coli or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus in herpes simplex virus type 1 [32]. Previous studies have reported that endothelium in patients with diabetes might not able to produce sufficient amount of NO and, in turn, blood vessels fail to relax in response to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxants [2].…”

Antimycobacterium, anticancer, and antiviral properties of probiotics: An overview

“…In another study, a significant increment in the viabilities of macrophages were reported in the presence of L. rhamnosus before and after herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection when compared with E. coli as a non-probiotic bacterium. Results indicated that L. rhamnosus enhanced macrophage viability for HSV-1 elimination and activation against HSV-1 more effectively when compared with non-probiotic E. coli [75].…”

The Potential Influence of the Microbiota and Probiotics on Women during Long Spaceflights

“…The inclusion of fermented foods, even perhaps prepared fresh during flight, in the diet of astronauts may play a beneficial role in managing anxiety [66], enhancing immunity [67], promoting viral clearance after the re-emergence of latent viruses [68,69] and maintaining digestive health [70]. Such approaches are worthy of further investigation in the International Space Station, as a prelude to longer flights.…”